REVISION OF ARTICLES
UNIT # 3.3
Text Book Exercise 1
Q. Use the correct form of the Past Simple to fill the following blanks. Use the words given below. You can use one word only once. Once you have completed, compare your answers with your partner and make corrections where necessary, in this and all exercises from 1 to 8.
Word Bank:
eat, close, sell, belong, live, make, lock, run
We __________ delicious food at their house.
The mouse __________ under the cupboard.
The guard __________ and __________ the gate before going to bed.
The house in which we __________ till last year __________ to my uncle.
The parrots __________ a lot of noise so we __________ them.
Text Book Exercise 2
Q. Use the correct form of the Past Continuous to fill the following blanks. Use the words given below. You can use one word only once.
Word Bank:
do, drive, shake, tell, fly, wash, fight, fall
(a) The papers __________ in all directions due to strong winds.
(b) The boys __________ over who would play first.
(c) We __________ the tree and the ripe fruits __________ on the ground.
- Answer: were shaking, were falling
(d) My sister __________ her homework while I __________ dishes.
- Answer: was doing, was washing
(e) The driver __________ the car and my brother __________ him the directions.
- Answer: was driving, was telling
Text Book Exercise 3
Q. Use the correct form of the Past Simple or Continuous to fill the following blanks. Use the words provided in the brackets.
When Kakenya Ntaiya, from Kenya, was fourteen, she requested (request) her father to let her finish high school. She was dreaming (dream) high as she was making (make) good progress and was achieving (achieve) good grades. Her teachers knew (know) that she was (be) very intelligent and they were encouraging (encourage) her to go for higher education. She promised (promise) her father that he would be proud of her one day if he allowed (allow) her to continue her education. Very few Maasai girls to which she belonged (belonged) ever finished (finish) high school, but her father accepted (accept) her request.
Ntaiya kept (keep) her promise to her father. She began to work even harder and soon she won (win) a scholarship to go to the USA. The village where she lived (live) was small. However, the villagers were so proud of her that they all came (come) to see her off when she was leaving (leave). Ntaiya was crying (cry) as she was leaving (leave). It was (be) a touching scene. Everyone was waving (wave) their hands, and Ntaiya shouted (shout) that she would come back to serve the people in the village.
When she graduated, she worked (work) for a while at the UN and then got a doctorate degree. Then she returned (return) home and wanted (want) to set up a primary school in her old village. At first, some villagers refused (refuse) to give Ntaiya the land for the school, but many parents now realized (realise) how important a good education could be for their daughters. Till last year, the school was providing (provide) education to more than 150 girls. The girls at the school praised (praise) Ntaiya. They were working (work) hard to become teachers, doctors, or lawyers.
Text Book Exercise 4
Q. Use the correct form of the Past Perfect to fill the following blanks. Use the words given below. You can use one word only once.
Word Bank:
sweep, leave, spend, die, travel, reach, cover, finish
(a) We __________ a lot of money on buying gifts, so we decided to stop.
(b) As soon as Samina __________ the yard, there was a storm.
(c) The group __________ several miles and __________ a big part of their journey.
- Answer: had travelled, had covered
(d) The students __________ their work and __________ for home when the rain started.
- Answer: had finished, had left
(e) She __________ before they __________ the hospital.
- Answer: had died, had reached
Text Book Exercise 5
Q. Use the correct form of the Past Perfect Continuous to fill the following blanks. Use the words given below. You can use one word only once.
Word Bank:
refuse, worry, cry, ring, fly, point, warn, dig, bark, read
He __________ for help for five hours when the rescue team finally arrived.
I __________ for two hours before I fell asleep.
He __________ for 16 hours and everyone was very tired.
I __________ about my results the whole week.
- Answer: had been worrying
The labourers __________ and the painters __________ for several days before they were allowed to go home.
- Answer: had been digging, had been painting
The bell __________ and the dog __________ for nearly 20 minutes before someone opened the door.
- Answer: had been ringing, had been barking
The MET department __________ about a storm, but the people __________ to listen.
- Answer: had been warning, had been refusing
Text Book Exercise 6
Q. Use the correct form of the Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous to fill the following blanks. Use the words provided in the brackets.
Her toothache had been bothering (bother) her all night. She had taken (take) painkillers, but the pain had continued (continue). She had been seeing (see) a dentist for two weeks, who had said (say) that nothing could be done until the pain subsided. She had consulted (consult) her grandmother for natural remedies and had been trying (try) everything to combat the pain, but no results. Also, she had been searching (search) for remedies on the Internet for five days, but even that medium had failed (fail) to provide any solution. Not knowing what else to do, she had come (come) to the conclusion that she had done (do) all that she could, when her mother had thought (think) of a simple solution. She had agreed (agree) to try it. It had worked (work) wonders, and she had been sleeping (sleep) peacefully for the past five hours when we went to her house.
Articles
- ‘a,’ ‘an,’ and ‘the’ are called articles.
- Uses of ‘a’ and ‘an’:
We use ‘a’ and ‘an’ with singular countable nouns.
ہم 'a' اور 'an' واحد قابل شمار اسموں کے ساتھ استعمال کرتے ہیں۔
Usage of ‘a’:
We use ‘a’ with a word beginning with a consonant sound.
e.g., a book, a university, a young man, a table, etc.
ہم 'a' ایسے لفظ کے ساتھ استعمال کرتے ہیں جو consonant کی آواز سے شروع ہوتا ہو۔
Usage of ‘an’:
We use ‘an’ with a word beginning with a vowel sound.
e.g., an elephant, an hour, an heir, an orange, etc.
ہم 'an' ایسے لفظ کے ساتھ استعمال کرتے ہیں جو vowel کی آواز سے شروع ہوتا ہو۔
Use of ‘the’
‘the’ کا استعمال
Unique things.
e.g. the sun, the moon, the sky, the environment, etc.
منفرد اشیاء سے پہلے
Singular nouns representing the whole class.
e.g. the rose, the computer, the teacher, the scientist, etc.
واحد اسم جو پوری جماعت کا حوالہ دے رہے ہوں۔
Superlative degrees of adjectives.
e.g. the tallest, the coldest, the most interesting thing, etc.
اسم صفت کی برتر ڈگری سے پہلے
Before adjectives used as nouns.
e.g. the rich, the poor, the disabled, the unemployed, the brace, etc.
ایسے صفتوں سے پہلے جو بطور اسم استعمال ہوں۔
Note: Only a few adjectives are used as nouns.
صرف چند صفات بطور اسم استعمال ہوتی ہیں۔
Before names of newspapers, magazines.
e.g. the Newsweek, the Time, etc.
اخبارات اور رسائل کے ناموں سے پہلے
Before ordinals.
e.g. the first, the next, the last, the third, etc.
عدد ترتیبی سے پہلے
Before Holy Books.
e.g. the Quran, the Bible, the Ramayana, etc.
مقدس کتابوں سے پہلے
Before the nouns which are in context.
e.g. the window, the kitchen, the door, the TV, etc.
ان اسموں سے پہلے جو سابقہ جملے سے متعلق ہوں۔
When a thing is mentioned the second time.
e.g. I collided with a tree. The tree was in the center of the road.
I met a boy yesterday. The boy could speak many languages fluently.
جب کسی کا دوبارہ ذکر کرو۔
Omission of ‘the’
'the' کا حذف
Before proper nouns
Before abstract nouns
Before material nouns
Before names of meals
Before names of languages
Before names of relations
- رشتے داروں کے ناموں سے پہلے
Before names of games
Before names of diseases
- بیماریوں کے ناموں سے پہلے
Before names of colours
Before fixed phrases
e.g. by bus, by air, catch fire, in trouble, in debt, at home, on duty, on time, etc.
A/An
‘A’ and ‘An’ are indefinite articles and are used to indicate a single item.
Examples:
Take a pencil. (Take one pencil.)
I won a hundred dollars. (I won one hundred dollars.)
Do not use ‘a’ or ‘an’ with a plural noun.
Examples:
They talked about a good restaurant to visit.
They talked about the good Italian restaurant on Main Street.
Use ‘a’ as an unspecific reference before a consonant sound.
Examples:
He likes to read a book. (He likes to read any book, not a specific one.)
That was a funny story. (That was one of many funny stories.)
Use ‘a’ when the word following it starts with a consonant sound.
Examples:
a book, a hospital, a leg, a one-inch pipe, a youth
Use ‘an’ as an unspecific reference before a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u).
Examples:
an apple, an opera, an eagle, an idea, an SOS (the ‘s’ here is pronounced as a vowel sound)
Words that begin with U or H
Words that begin with U or H can have either a vowel or a consonant sound. Make the choice based on the sound of the first word after the article, even if that word is not the noun.
Examples:
- a union, a uniform
(use "a" when the u sounds like the y in "you") - an unbelievable event, an umbrella, a unique umbrella
- an honor, an hour, an honest person
- a hotel, a history book, a historian
- an historian, an historic event
(NOTE: words like "historic" can take either 'a' or 'an')
The
Use 'the' as a specific reference to a common noun or something that is one of a kind.
Examples:
- Give me the book on the table. (Identifies a specific book)
- The sun rose at seven o’clock. (Identifies something that is one of a kind)
Use 'a' or 'an' to introduce a noun the first time it is mentioned, and then 'the' is used afterwards whenever the noun is mentioned again.
Examples:
- I bought a sandwich for lunch.
- I shared the sandwich with my friend.
A proper noun names unique people, places, or things and does not use an article.
Example:
- "I went to New York City."
An exception is proper nouns with "of" as part of the name:
Examples:
- the Fourth of July
- the University of Virginia
- the United States of America
- the President of Mexico
- the Statue of Liberty
Plural proper nouns use the:
Examples:
- the Chicago Bulls
- the Johnsons
- the Blue Ridge Mountains
A proper common noun that names a group (a collective noun) also uses the:
Examples:
- the Commonwealth of Virginia
- the United Arab Emirates
- the Society of Friends
Some geographical features use the:
Examples:
- the Gobi Desert
- the Atlantic Ocean
- the Pyramids
- the Amazon
Other geographical features do not use the:
Examples:
- Lake Superior
- Albemarle County
- Route 29
- Mount Vesuvius
Text Book Exercise 7
Q. Work individually and fill the following blanks with a / an, where necessary. Put a cross (x) in the blanks where an article is not required. After completing, compare your answers with your partner.
- ________ giraffe has ________ long neck.
- ________ Australian sheep gives us ________ good wool.
- He is ________ honest man but his friend is ________ crook.
- To help the students, ________ example has been given in the exercise.
- Would you like to have ________ cup of tea or ________ something to eat?
- ________ factory is being built next to our house.
- Boil ________ eggs and make ________ sandwiches for breakfast.
- It was ________ honour to be nominated.
- I want to buy ________ uniform when school reopens in August.
- One old friend is staying at ________ hotel on the River Indus.
Text Book Exercise 8
Q. Work individually and fill the following blanks with the article ‘the’ where necessary. Put a cross (x) in the blanks where ‘the’ is not required. After completing, compare your answers with your partner.
- ________ English language is ________ most spoken language in the world.
- There are ________ beautiful flowers in ________ park.
- My sister lives in ________ USA.
- There is ________ dirt on this plate and there is a dirty mark on ________ tablecloth.
- ________ lions are dangerous animals, but ________ dogs are good friends of people.
- When you drive a car in ________ UAE, you must keep to ________ right.
- ________ inventor of the telephone was ________ Graham Bell.
- ________ directions to ________ central library are clear.
- ________ butcher opposite ________ library sells good meat.
- One of ________ persons I love ________ most is my mother.
Text Book Exercise 9
Q. Work individually and fill the following blanks with article 'a / an / the’ where necessary. Put a cross (X) in the blanks where an article is not required. After completing, compare your answers with your partner.
Who has not heard of the famous Khyber Pass in Pakistan? It is a narrow mountain valley in X Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. We can go to the Khyber Pass from Peshawar. Many people who want to go to X Afghanistan cross the border from the Khyber Pass.
The Khyber Pass has been famous in history for thousands of years. The Aryans crossed it to reach the sub-continent about four thousand years ago. After them came X Mongols and X Tartars.
Moreover, Khyber Pass is an ancient trade route. It is a route that has been used extensively by X caravans carrying bales of cotton and silk. Occasionally, a caravan would also carry a ton or two of spices. Although it is an old route, the trade is still carried out through this route but now X buses, trucks, and trains carry goods from one country to another.
