Relative Pronouns and Direct Indirect Speech - Solved Book Exercise - English 10th

 Text Book Exercise 1

Q. Fill the following blanks by choosing the right option. After completing your work, compare it with your partner and make corrections where necessary.

1. The festival ________ lasted all day, ended with a banquet.
   (a) that (b) who (c) which (d) what

2. I am looking for someone ________ can watch my dog while I go on vacation.
   (a) which (b) who (c) whom (d) that

3. The police needed details ________ could help identify the robber.
   (a) who (b) whatever (c) which (d) what

4. I’d like to take you to a cafe ________ serves excellent coffee.
   (a) that (b) what (c) which (d) who

5. This is the house ________ Jamil built.
   (a) which (b) where (c) that (d) whom

6. I cannot say goodbye to one personality I have always liked.
   (a) whose (b) that (c) which (d) whom

7. I saw the shoes ________ you bought last week on sale for less this week.
   (a) who (b) that (c) who (d) whom

8. We met our friend ________ father passed away last month suddenly.
   (a) whose (b) who (c) when (d) that

9. This is the person ________ we met last week.
   (a) where (b) whom (c) who (d) that

10. I have a watch ________ is ten years old.
    (a) whose (b) whom (c) who (d) which

Text Book Exercise 2

Q. Fill the following blanks with ‘that, which, who, whose, and whom’. After completing your work, compare it with your partner and make corrections where necessary.

1. A pencil is something _______ every student needs. (that)
2. Pizza is a popular food _______ was first made in Italy. (that)
3. Mr. Liaquat _______ house is next to our house is an engineer. (whose)
4. I bought a cell phone _______ has 5G internet access. (which)
5. Mosquitoes are insects _______ like to bite people. (which)
6. Albert Einstein was a scientist _______ made many important discoveries. (who)
7. My uncle _______ we met last night helps us with our homework. (whom)
8. A helicopter is a machine _______ can fly. (that)
9. Shah Inayat Shaheed is a famous Sufi saint _______ has millions of followers. (who)
10. A blanket is something _______ people use in winter. (that)

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Text Book Exercise 3

Q. Work in pairs. Combine the following sentences using relative pronouns. Write the combined sentences in your notebook.

1. Shahid gave a long and tedious speech. He won the prize.
   Ans: Shahid, who won the prize, gave a long and tedious speech.

2. A chain of stores wants to open new stores across the province. It does business all over Pakistan.
   Ans: A chain of stores, which does business all over Pakistan, wants to open new stores across the province.

3. Social network sites will change business. They are trendy.
   Ans: Social network sites that are trendy will change business.

4. Scientists are working on stem cells. Stem cells will revolutionize medicine.
   Ans: Scientists are working on stem cells that will revolutionize medicine.

5. Last week, Rizwan interviewed Sana. She is my neighbour.
   Ans: Last week, Rizwan interviewed Sana, who is my neighbour.

6. Yesterday I met a talented man. He works in a circus.
   Ans: Yesterday I met a talented man who works in a circus.

7. Bano signed autographs at tower records yesterday. She is a famous musician.
   Ans: Bano, who is a famous musician, signed autographs at tower records yesterday.

8. John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963. He was the president of the USA.
   Ans: John F. Kennedy, who was the president of the USA, was assassinated in 1963.

9. The prime minister will inaugurate a new hospital, it is on 6th street.
   Ans: The prime minister will inaugurate a new hospital, which is on 6th street.

10. He sat on the wooden chair. The chair was broken.
    Ans: He sat on the wooden chair that was broken.

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Direct/Indirect Speech: Command and Requests Revisions

Normally, ‘to’ is used as a joining clause before the reported command or request, and the reported verb is changed according to the mood of the sentence (e.g., told, ordered, asked, requested, advised). In direct speech, often the person addressed is not clearly mentioned; however, it is generally clear who is being addressed. In such cases, while changing sentences from direct to indirect speech the person addressed often needs to be mentioned.

Example:
Direct: The man said, “Please bring me a chair.”
Indirect: The man requested his son to bring him a chair.

Text Book Exercise 4

Q. Change the following orders into indirect speech. Compare your answers with your partner, after completing. Make corrections where needed. You can use words like tell, ask, order/command.

1. The teacher said to the students, “Do not talk during the assembly.”
   Ans: The teacher ordered the students not to talk during the assembly.

2. Mother said to her son, “Work hard or else you will fall.”
   Ans: Mother advised her son to work hard or else he would fall.

3. The guard said to us, “Stand in the queue and wait for your turn.”
   Ans: The guard requested us to stand in the queue and wait for our turn.

4. She said to her maid, “Bring me a glass of water.”
   Ans: She ordered her maid to bring her a glass of water.

5. The officer said to the peon, “Let the visitor come in.”
   Ans: The officer commanded the peon to let the visitor come in.

6. “Stay indoors during the storm,” the government authorities advised the people.
   Ans: The government authorities advised the people to stay indoors during the storm.

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Text Book Exercise 5

Q. Change the following requests into indirect speech. Compare your answers with your partner, after completing. Make corrections where needed. You can use words like tell, ask, request.

1. “Try to speak gently when talking to old people,” the manager said to his staff.
   Ans: The manager asked his staff to speak gently when talking to old people.

2. “Please turn out the lights, team, when you leave the room,” said the organizer.
   Ans: The organizer requested the team to turn out the lights when they left the room.

      3. "Give me a glass of water, Yusuf," said grandfather.

• Indirect: Grandfather asked Yusuf to give him a glass of water.

      4. "Sana, please put this plate on the table," said Mrs. Sultan.

• Indirect: Mrs. Sultan requested Sana to put the plate on the table.

       5. "Make sure that the children are in bed by eight o’clock," said father.

• Indirect: Father asked to make sure the children were in bed by eight o'clock.

        6. "The doctor said to the patient, 'Take your medicines on time.' "

•   Indirect: The doctor told the patient to take their medicines on time.

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Text Book Exercise 6 (Indirect Speech Conversions):

1. "Go away and never come back again," said his boss.

• Indirect: His boss ordered him to go away and not to come back again.

2. "The principal said to the naughty student, 'Come after school hours.' "

• Indirect: The principal asked the naughty student to come after school hours.

3. "Please be seated," said the announcer.

• Indirect: The announcer requested to be seated.

4. "Never say no when someone asks for help," the preacher said in his speech.

• Indirect: The preacher advised in his speech not to say no when someone asks for help.

5. "Be quiet, please, children," said the mother.

• Indirect: The mother asked the children to be quiet.

6. "Aunt Sakina, please tell me where to find the keys," said Maqbool.

• Indirect: Maqbool politely requested Aunt Sakina to tell him where to find the keys.

7. "Please shut the window," said the little girl to her sister.

• Indirect: The little girl requested her sister to shut the window.

8. "Water the plants before you go," said my father to the gardener.

• Indirect: My father ordered the gardener to water the plants before he went.

9. "Soldiers, march quickly to the exit," said the commander.

• Indirect: The commander ordered the soldiers to march quickly to the exit.

10. "The clerk said to the man, 'Do not disturb me.' "

• Indirect: The clerk forbade the man to disturb him.

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Text Book Exercise 7 (Indirect Speech Conversions):

1. Teacher: "Hurry up, class, we are getting late."

• Indirect: The teacher told the class to hurry up as they were getting late.

2. Tahira: "Uzma, put these books in the cupboard and tidy up the desk."

• Indirect: Tahira told Uzma to put the books in the cupboard and tidy up the desk.

3. Aliya: "Put up that picture on the wall, Shazia, and Umaima, give me the brush."

• Indirect: Aliya told Shazia to put the picture on the wall and asked Umaima to give her the brush.

4. Laila: "Saima, take the dustbin out and empty it while you are there."

• Indirect: Laila told Saima to take the dustbin out and empty it while she was there.

5. Anjum: "Just leave everything and start putting the chairs in order."

• Indirect: Anjum told them to leave everything and start putting the chairs in order.

6. Anila: "Shehla, blow up the balloons and put them on the string."

• Indirect: Anila told Shehla to blow up the balloons and put them on the string.

7. Teacher: "Get out of the classroom before the guests come."

• Indirect: The teacher told them to get out of the classroom before the guests came.

8. Farah: "Pick up all the extra things before going out."

• Indirect: Farah told them to pick up all the extra things before going out.

9. Teacher: "Wait outside until all the guests are seated."

• Indirect: The teacher told them to wait outside until all the guests were seated.

• The teacher asked the class to hurry up as they were getting late.
• Tahira asked Uzma to put the books in the cupboard and tidy up the desk.
• Aliya ordered to put the picture on the wall and asked Shazia and Umaima to give her the brush.
• Laila asked Saima to take the dustbin out and empty it while she was there.
• Anjum told them to leave everything and start putting the chairs in order.
• Anila asked Shehla to blow up the balloons and put them on the string.
• The teacher ordered them to get out of the classroom before the guests came.
• Farah asked them to pick up all the extra things before going out.
• The teacher ordered them to wait outside until all the guests were seated.

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The Feminine of Nouns:

There are three ways to form the feminine of nouns. One way is by using an entirely different word.

Masculine	Feminine
bachelor	maid; spinster
boy	girl
brother	sister
bullock	heifer
colt	filly
cock	hen
dog	bitch
drake	duck
father	mother
gentleman	lady
husband	wife
man	woman
nephew	niece
son	daughter
wizard	witch
bull (or ox)	cow
drone	bee
gander	goose
horse	mare
king	queen
monk	nun
sir	madam
stag	hind
uncle	aunt

This table shows examples of how nouns can change gender by using a completely different word.

The Feminine of Nouns" and shows another way to form feminine nouns by adding a syllable such as "-ess," "-inee," "-trix," or "-a." Here's the list presented:

The Feminine of Nouns (By Adding a Syllable):

Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
author	authoress	baron	baroness
count	countess	giant	giantess
heir	heiress	host	hostess
Jew	Jewess	lion	lioness
manager	manageress	mayor	mayoress
patron	patroness	poet	poetess
priest	priestess	shepherd	shepherdess

This list shows how some masculine nouns can be transformed into feminine forms by adding certain suffixes.