Text Book Exercise 1
Q. Work individually, choose the correct option from the prepositions of movement and direction given in parentheses. After completing, compare your answers with your partner.
- Let’s go for a walk by (across/under/by) the river.
- I’m going to (to/past/around) the shop to buy some grocery.
- We sailed around (over/under/around) the bay today.
- Let’s walk through (under/over/by) the river.
- I’m going to (over/into/to) Paris in May.
- We walked all around (around/under/to) the city centre but couldn’t find the store.
- He put the open book on (at/on/in) the desk and asked the child to read.
- The lion walked in a circle around (across/around/into) the baby giraffe before attacking it.
- The train passed through (onto/into/through) nine tunnels on the way to Peshawar.
- His dog is always trying to escape from (from/on/past) the backyard.
Text Book Exercise 2
Q. Work individually, choose the right option to complete the sentences. After completing, compare your answers with your partner.
Be careful when you walk across the street. You may encounter stray dogs there.
(a) Through (b) Above (c) Across (d) UpThe car is going through the tunnel to reach the station.
(a) Around (b) Below (c) At (d) ThroughA flock of birds is flying over the trees under the blue sky.
(a) Over (b) Through (c) Onto (d) OnShe walked the kitchen and put her packages onto the table.
(a) In (b) Into (c) Onto (d) OnRiver Kunhar flows towards the lake.
(a) Towards (b) Over (c) Up (d) OnWhile waiting for my train, I took a walk around the station.
(a) On (b) Around (c) Onto (d) InA formation of twelve airplanes flew over our houses.
(a) Up (b) Down (c) Over (d) PastThe door was locked, so I shoved the letter under the door.
(a) Around (b) Under (c) On (d) IntoThe poachers go through the forest to hunt animals for their hide.
(a) On (b) Through (c) In (d) OverI slipped as I stepped onto the platform.
(a) Into (b) Onto (c) Around (d) Across
Compound Prepositions
Compound prepositions are composed of two or more prepositions to function as one preposition. Compound prepositions must not be joined together as they are two separate words that function as one word.
Example:
- According to his mother, he often talked in his sleep.
- We waste a lot of time arguing instead of agreeing.
- They continued with their search and rescue mission in spite of the bad weather.
- They had to paint their office in addition to their usual work.
Some Compound Prepositions:
- according to
- as to
- opposite to
- away from
- aside from
- because of
- close to
- depending on
- in favour of
- on account of
- on behalf of
- in addition to
- in return for
- in spite of
- due to
- next to
- in between
- in case of
- along with
- apart from
- out of
Text Book Exercise 3
Q. Work individually. Use an appropriate compound preposition from the list given above to complete the sentences below. After completing, compare your answer with your partner and make corrections where necessary.
- He can’t perform anymore because of his failing health.
- The villagers had to carry pails of water due to their work in the fields.
- Sameer was never in favour of his parents going to the city.
- This theory is wrong according to his philosophy.
- The match was delayed because of rain.
- This dog has been sitting next to me for one hour.
- I gave him a new book in return for the one I lost.
- We will inform you later, depending on the situation.
- The van stopped in front of the hospital.
- You will have to leave your position in case of any change in the plan.
Text Book Exercise 4
Look at the picture above and fill the blanks in the following passage with one of the prepositions given in the box. Each preposition may be used only once.
Box of Prepositions:
- according to
- down
- through
- in spite of
- around
- past
- on top of
- up
- into
- out of
- over
- due to
- to
- at
- from
- on
Passage:
One hot summer morning, in spite of the intense heat, we decided to take a trip out of the city and go to the ocean. We got into the car and drove down the highway, which went around one side of the mountain and came up the other side. Then the highway went on a part of the lake and over the bridge. After that, we drove through the forest and past the big water tower. We arrived at the beach by noon due to the heavy traffic. According to the map, the water that flowed in the river came from the melted glaciers. One of my friends also told me that natives preferred to live on top of the mountain as they felt safe there.
Type 3 Conditional Sentences
There are three main types of conditional tenses. Look at the table below:
| Type | Condition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Type 1 | Present action leading to future results | If the team plays well, they will get into the finals. |
| Type 2 | Past action leading to present results | If I worked harder, I could get better results. |
| Type 3 | Past action leading to past results | If he had listened to his parents, he would have got the job. |
- Type 1: If... present simple verb... will/can/might + verb
- Type 2: If... past simple verb... would/could/might + verb
- Type 3: If... past perfect verb... would have/could have/might have + verb
The Type 3 conditional is used when talking about something that was not done, which led to results about which nothing can be done now.
Example: If I had studied more, I would have passed my exams. (But I didn’t, so I failed, and nothing can be done about it.)
Text Book Exercise 5
Q. Work with your partner. Orally discuss the following Type 1 Conditional Sentences exercise by using the words provided. Then, do it in your notebook. You may refer to the table given at the beginning of this Unit as and when needed.
- We _______ all our wild life if we ______ not careful. (destroy/be)
- If we ______ all sorts of chemicals into rivers, we _______ them. (dump/pollute)
- If we ______ trees at the present speed, we ______ our oxygen supply. (cut/endanger)
- If the global temperature ______, the sea levels ______. (increase/rise)
- We’ll ______ our own existence if we ______ waste at the present rate. (threaten/produce)
- The traffic flow ______ better if everyone ______ the traffic rules. (be/follow)
- If I ______ you some of the chocolates, I ______ very few left for the party. (give/have)
- You ______ better marks next time if you ______ less time on video games. (get/spend)
- If you ______ so loudly during the match, you ______ our neighbours. (shout/disturb)
- We ______ the Eiffel Tower if we ______ to Paris. (visit/go)
Answers:
- will destroy, are
- dump, will pollute
- cut, will endanger
- increases, will rise
- will be, follows
- give, will have
- will get, spend
- shout, will disturb
- will visit, go
Text Book Exercise 6
Q. Work with your partner. Orally discuss the following Type 2 Conditional Sentences exercise by using the words provided. Then, do it in your notebook. You may refer to the table given at the beginning of this section as and when needed.
- If you ______ dark glasses, you ______ your eyes. (wear/protect)
- It ______ impossible to enter the building if the porter ______ us. (be/stop)
- I ______ this work for you if time ______. (do/permit)
- If I ______ a lottery, I ______ a new computer. (win/buy)
- He ______ leave if he ______ cold. (take/catch)
- If the police ______ hard enough, they ______ the thief to prison. (try/send)
- My friend ______ you a concession if you ______ the oven from him. (get/purchase)
- If I ______ you, I ______ for the job. (be/apply)
- If the doctor ______ him, he ______ to work. (allow/go)
- It ______ me a lot of pleasure if they ______ the gift. (give/accept)
Answers:
- wore, could protect
- would be, stopped
- could do, permitted
- won, would buy
- might take, caught
- tried, would send
- could get, purchased
- were, would apply
- allowed, would go
- would give, accepted
Text Book Exercise 7
Q. Work with your partner. Orally discuss the following Type 3 Conditional Sentences exercise by using the words provided. Then, do it in your notebook. You may refer to the table given at the beginning of this Unit as and when needed.
- If the flight, ______ on time, my boss ______ to the meeting. (arrive/come)
- They ______ all the food if I ______ it on the table. (eat/keep)
- If the driver ______ at the turning, the old woman ______ the road easily. (stop/cross)
- If you ______ your umbrella, you ______ getting wet in the rain. (take/avoid)
- I ______ the storm if I ______ more cautions. (escape/be)
- The people ______ if they ______ that there was no food. (leave/know)
- The child ______ the punishment if the scars ______. (forget/disappear)
- If their new player ______ as expected they ______ the match. (perform/win)
- There ______ no fight if the police ______ in time. (be/arrive)
- If he ______ the question, the teacher ______ him some marks. (attempt/give)
Answers:
- had arrived, would have come
- would have eaten, had kept
- had stopped, could have crossed
- had taken, might have avoided
- could have escaped, had been
- could have left, had known
- might have forgotten, had disappeared
- had performed, could have won
- might have been, had arrived
- had attempted, could have given
Text Book Exercise 8
Q. Sheeba won the provincial folk songs competition and was interviewed by a reporter. She mainly responded by using the type 3 conditional sentences. The pair verbs used in each response are given below in a jumbled order. Complete her responses in the following dialogue. After you have completed, compare your answers with your partner and make corrections where needed. The first one has been done as an example.
Verb pairs:
be / perform
select / think
make / encourage
lose / cry
fail / be
Reporter: Congratulations, Ms. Sheeba. You have won!
Sheeba: Thank you. If I had stopped practicing, I would have lost.
Reporter: What if you had lost?
Sheeba: If I had lost the competition, I might have cried.
Reporter: How would your parents have felt?
Sheeba: If I had failed, my parents would have been very disappointed.
Reporter: What about your friends?
Sheeba: Some might have made fun of me while a few would have encouraged me to try again.
Reporter: What could you have done differently to make sure you won?
Sheeba: I might have selected a different song if I had thought about it.
Reporter: Anything else that you would like to say?
Sheeba: My self-esteem could have been badly affected if I had performed badly.
Reporter: Any message that you would like to give to others?
Sheeba: Work hard, prepare well, and you will succeed one day. Don’t ever give up.
Reporter: Thank you.
Sheeba: Thank you.
