Text Book Exercise 1
Q. Form plurals of the following singular nouns. After completing, compare your answers with your partner.
| S No | Singular Noun | Plural Noun |
|---|---|---|
| 01. | Story | Stories |
| 02. | Hair | Hair |
| 03. | Child | Children |
| 04. | Leaf | Leaves |
| 05. | Son in law | Sons in law |
| 06. | Tooth | Teeth |
| 07. | Woman | Women |
| 08. | Thief | Thieves |
| 09. | Portfolio | Portfolios |
| 10. | Studio | Studios |
| 11. | Secretary of state | Secretaries of state |
| 12. | News | News |
| 13. | Hoof | Hoofs |
| 14. | Theory | Theories |
| 15. | Trousers | Trousers |
| 16. | Hair | Hair |
| 17. | Essay | Essays |
| 18. | Valley | Valleys |
| 19. | Tooth | Teeth |
| 20. | Chimney | Chimneys |
Text Book Exercise 2
Q. Fill in the blanks with appropriate plural forms of the given nouns. After completing, compare your answers with your partner.
- I saw three big oxen (ox) near the cliffs (cliff).
- There were many police (police) near those houses (house).
- Please buy some potatoes (potato) and tomatoes (tomato).
- Farmer Abdul Raheem has three sheep (sheep) and four deer (deer) on his farm.
- Mrs. Jahanzaib had to go for check-ups (check-up) every week.
- Raja is more than six feet (foot) tall, but he is afraid of mice (mouse).
- The little calves (calf) lost their mothers (mother).
- There are three banks (bank) in the four cities (city) close to my village.
- We need more knives (knife) and forks (fork).
- My sister has lost three of her teeth (tooth).
Text Book Exercise 3
Q. Work in pairs. Write down the plural of the given nouns. Then, form sentences using both the singular and plural nouns in your own sentences. An example is given below.
Example:
- radio
My grandfather has one very old radio. - radios
There are several types of radios in this shop.
| S No | Words | Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| 01. | Leaf | A fallen leaf floated on the surface of the water. |
| Leaves | Leaves begin to fall in October. | |
| 02. | Dish | This dish is tasty. |
| Dishes | My sister is in the kitchen washing dishes. | |
| 03. | Father-in-law | He had been deeply affected by the sudden death of his father-in-law. |
| Fathers-in-law | Almost all fathers-in-law have the same emotions and feelings. |
Text Book Exercise 4
Q. Work in pairs. Orally discuss and change the following statements into requests by using modal verbs. After discussing, write the requested sentences in your notebook.
Shut the door, as it is windy today.
Ans: Will you please shut the door, as it is windy today?Send me an email and I’ll follow it up.
Ans: Would you please send me an email and I’ll follow it up?Help me finish this assignment.
Ans: Could you help me finish this assignment?Pass the salt and pepper.
Ans: Can you please pass the salt and pepper?Repeat what you just said.
Ans: May you please repeat what you just said?Help me find my leather jacket.
Ans: Will you please help me find my leather jacket?Clear the table so that I can put my computer there.
Ans: Would you please clear the table so that I can put my computer there?Show me how to fix this problem.
Ans: May you please show me how to fix this problem?Help her in whatever way you can.
Ans: Could you please help her in whatever way you can?Move this chair to the corner.
Ans: Can you please move this chair to the corner?
Advice
The model verbs for advice are should, ought to, and had better.
These can be used in positive and negative sentences.
For example:
| Positive Sentence | Negative Sentence | Interrogative Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| You should study harder to get better results. | You shouldn’t call her while she is busy with chores. | I have a problem. Should I call my parents or my friend? |
| You ought to wear a warm jacket; it’s really cold outside. | ("Ought to" is not usually used in the negative form.) | ("Ought to" is not common in question form.) |
| You had better slow down. You are driving too fast! | You had better not forget to finish your homework. | ("Had better" is not usually used in question form.) |
The phrase "had better" is a bit stronger. It includes the idea of a warning: something terrible will happen if you do not follow my advice.
Text Book Exercise 5
Q. Work in pairs. Orally discuss and change the following statements into advice by using modal verbs. After discussing, write the advice sentences in your notebook.
Listen to your mother.
Ans: You should listen to your mother.Give a good reason for your absence.
Ans: You ought to give a good reason for your absence.Break traffic rules.
Ans: You had better not break traffic rules.Fulfill the promise you made to your mother.
Ans: You should fulfill the promise you made to your mother.
5. Finish your task on time or you’ll be in trouble.
Ans: You had better finish your task on time or you’ll be in trouble.
6. Discuss this matter at the dinner table.
Ans: You should discuss this matter at the dinner table.
7. Remain seated until the seatbelt sign is turned off.
Ans: You had better remain seated until the seatbelt sign is turned off.
8. Complete these chores by tomorrow.
Ans: You ought to complete these chores by tomorrow.
9. Talk when others are speaking.
Ans: You shouldn’t talk when others are speaking.
10. Follow the instructions carefully.
Ans: You had better follow the instructions carefully.
Text Book Exercise 6
Q. Write requests or advice for the following situations.
(a) You need a pen, and your sister has one.
Ans: Can you please give me your pen for a while, sister?
(b) You are spending too much money on buying unnecessary clothes.
Ans: You shouldn’t spend too much money on buying unnecessary clothes.
(c) Your friend is leading an unhealthy lifestyle.
Ans: You had better not lead an unhealthy lifestyle.
(d) You want a half-day leave from your Principal as there is an emergency in your family.
Ans: Would you please allow me a half-day leave as there is an emergency in my family?
(e) Your brother is going to the stadium to watch a cricket match and you want to go with him.
Ans: Could I go with you to the stadium to watch a cricket match?
(f) My friend was telling me a secret about her family.
Ans: You should not tell this secret to anyone.
(g) What does your mother say if you spend too much time playing games rather than studying?
Ans: You should concentrate more on your studies than on playing games.
(h) The phone rings while you are cooking in the kitchen. Your father is near the telephone.
Ans: Could you please pick up the phone, father? I am cooking in the kitchen.
(i) It’s hot, and you are thirsty.
Ans: Can I have something to drink?
(j) You’re studying for an exam, but your brother listens to loud music.
Ans: Could you please put the volume down? I am studying for the exam.
