ETHICS – CHARACTER BUILDING
THE LAST SERMON OF THE HOLY PROPHET (P.B.U.H)
Q.1: When and where was our Prophet (ﷺ) born? What family did he belong to?
Ans:
Our beloved Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was born in 571 A.D. in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. He belonged to the noble family of Quraish.
Q.2: What did the Quraish worship? What did the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) ask them?
Ans:
The Quraish used to worship idols and did not believe in one God. The Holy Prophet (ﷺ) asked the Quraish not to worship their false gods. He told them that he was the Prophet of Allah and asked them to accept Islam and to worship the One and only true God.
Q.3: What was the reaction of the Quraish to the Holy Prophet's (ﷺ) preaching? Why did the Quraish oppose them?
Ans:
They opposed this new faith, and most of them refused to accept Islam. They thought that he was against their gods and their ancestors. They wanted to go on worshipping idols.
Q.4: Why did the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) ask the believers to migrate to Madina?
Ans:
The opposition of the Quraish to Islam became very fierce and terrible day by day. The Holy Prophet (ﷺ) asked the believers to migrate to Madina as they were in great trouble and agony in Makkah.
Q.5: What is meant by Hijra?
Ans:
Hijra means to migrate to a safer place for the safety of life and faith. In 622 A.D. the Prophet (ﷺ) himself migrated to Madina. This event is known in history as Hijra. It marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
Q.6: At the time of arrival of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) in Madina, which groups of people used to live there?
Ans:
At the time of arrival of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) in Madina, the city had four broad groups of people.
- There were the Muslims; including those who were from Madina and those who had emigrated from Makkah.
- Then, there were the hypocrites; that is those who embraced Islam in name only, but actually were against it.
- Additionally, there were the people from Aws and Khazraj tribes, who were still pagans but were likely to accept Islam.
- Finally, there were Jews, who were huge in number and formed an important community there.
Q.7: To ensure that people of Madina live in peace, what did the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) do for that?
Ans:
In order to ensure that all groups of people in Madina lived peacefully with each other, Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) invited the leading personalities of all the communities to discuss that matter. He wanted the different groups to reach a formal agreement for harmony among the communities and for the security of the city of Madina. He succeeded in drawing up the Constitution of Madina, also known as the Charter of Madina, through which a kind of understanding was developed among all the communities living in Madina.
Q.8: What were mentioned in the Charter of Madina?
Ans:
It was mentioned the rights and duties of the Muslims and the Jews of Madina, gave freedom of religion, and prohibited any alliance with the outside enemies. It also declared that any dispute would be referred to Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) for settlement.
Q.9: What steps did the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) take to consolidate the Muslim community in Madina?
Ans:
First of all, in order to establish an atmosphere of peace in Madina, he succeeded in drawing up the Constitution of Madina, also known as the Charter of Madina, between all the groups of Madina, through which a kind of understanding was developed among all the communities living in Madina. In later years, he unified the different Arab tribes under Islam, carried out social and religious reforms, and administrative developments that further consolidated the Islamic community in Madina.
Q.10: When did the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) undertake his farewell pilgrimage to Makkah? What is its significance?
Ans:
In the year 10 A.H., Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) undertook his farewell pilgrimage to Makkah. This farewell pilgrimage is one of the most significant historical events for the Muslims, for it was the first and last pilgrimage made by Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), as well as an occasion when he taught Muslims how to perform Hajj.
Q.11: When and where did the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) deliver his last sermon?
Ans:
Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) delivered his last sermon in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat, on 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, 10 A.H. (6th March 632).
Q.12: What are the three points of the last sermon of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ)?
Ans:
The three main points of the last sermon of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) are:
- (i) Regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust.
- (ii) The superiority of men is not based on blood and wealth. In the sight of Allah, everybody is equal. Only the goodness of a man makes him superior to others. The most righteous is the most honourable.
- (iii) All the Muslims are brothers to each other.
Q.13: What did the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) say about women in your last sermon?
Ans:
He said, "It is true that you have certain rights with regards to your women, but they also have rights over you."
Q.14: What makes a man superior to others?
Ans:
Only the goodness of a man makes him superior to others. No Arab is superior to a non-Arab. Nor is a white man in any way better than a black man. The claims to greatness founded on blood and wealth are false.
Q.15: What did the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) say about the Muslims?
Ans:
He said that a Muslim is another Muslim's brother. All the Muslims are brothers among themselves. It is due to the fact that all the men are the offspring of Adam. He also said that regard the life, honour and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust.
Q.16: What does the last sermon teach us?
Ans:
The last sermon teaches us that none shares the authority and power of God. The whole humanity is the offspring of Adam and the most righteous is the most honourable. Only the goodness of a man makes him superior to others. All the Muslims are brothers to each other. Life, honour, and property of every Muslim is sacred trust.
Q.17: If the Muslims follow the messages given in the last sermon of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ), what will be the result?
Ans:
The messages conveyed in the last sermon are for all times. If the Muslims follow these messages, the result will be a fair and equitable society, in which there will be honesty and justice, and meritocracy will be the guiding principle.
Q.18: What must we do to be a good Muslim?
Ans:
We should do good deeds to be a good Muslim.
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