SAFETY MEASURES THAT CAN SAVE YOUR LIFE


Text Book Exercise 1

Q. Read the text and circle the right answer for filling the blanks. After completing, discuss your choices with your partner.

  1. The text is about the importance of:

    • (a) traffic rules
    • (b) civic sense
    • (c) helmets and seat belts
    • (d) driving safely
  2. Among other things, helmets can save us from:

    • (a) body injury
    • (b) head injury
    • (c) knee injury
    • (d) foot injury
  3. Wearing or not wearing a seat belt can be a matter of:

    • (a) life and death
    • (b) personal defeat
    • (c) no concern
    • (d) little importance

Text Book Exercise 2

(i) Read the text and underline the words given in column A, in Boxes 1-6. The meanings of all these words are given in column B in a jumbled manner. Find the correct meaning and write the corresponding letter in column C.

NoColumn AColumn BColumn C
1Fatala) additional thing                                     d
2measuresb) not paying attention toi
3crucialf) very importantf
4accessoryd) causing deatha
5pillionj) a passenger on a motorbikee
6proportionatelyh) when compared in numbersh
7vulnerablec) facing possible harmg
8indulgingg) doing something for pleasurec
9disregardingi) steps or actions taken for a purposei
10untowarde) unexpectedi

II. Read the text and underline the words given in column A, in Boxes A-F. The meanings of all these words are given in column B in a jumbled manner. Find the correct meaning and write the corresponding letter in column C.

NoColumn AColumn B     Column C
11optionm) choicem
12cumbersomeu) unnecessarily slowingu
13toughp) difficultp
14anchoreds) firmly held in places
15skiddingk) slidingk
16implicationsq) something clear but not clearly stated q
17limitationst) inability to performt
18invinciblel) totally secure or safel
19safeguardsr) protectsr
20exposingn) putting at riskn

Text Book Exercise 3

Q. The titles in the following table represent one box each. Read each box and select which title represents which box and write the box number in the given column.

S.NoTitleBox No
1Avoiding head injuries3
2Does wearing a seat belt guarantee no harm?E
3Helmet; summary6
4Brakes for saving your bodyB
5Seat belts: summaryF
6Fun and safety in motorbike riding1
7Comfort or harm, what is a better choice?A
8Challenges voiced against wearing helmets4
9Is wearing a seat belt an option?2
10Why wear helmets?D
11Cost in terms of moneyC
12Helmets and eye protection5

Text Book Exercise 4

Q. Circle the right option.

  1. Two ___________ that if undertaken by people can protect them.

    • (a) decisions
    • (b) √ measures
    • (c) policies
    • (d) commitments
  2. Both riders and ____________ riders should wear helmets.

    • (a) companion
    • (b) passenger
    • (c) √ pillion
    • (d) traveller
  3. Not wearing a helmet increases the chances of:

    • (a) damages
    • (b) accidents
    • (c) loss
    • (d) √ severe injuries

Text Book Exercise 4

Q. Circle the right option.

  1. Brain Injury in a motorbike accident can lead to permanent:

    • (a) forgetfulness
    • (b) √ disability
    • (c) problems
    • (d) ill health
  2. Those not wearing helmets are _________ times more likely to suffer from head injuries.

    • (a) ten
    • (b) five
    • (c) two
    • (d) √ three
  3. Wearing a seat belt is like choosing between:

    • (a) comfort and pain
    • (b) ease and unease
    • (c) safety and security
    • (d) √ life and death
  4. Fastening your seat belt can save you from getting:

    • (a) under the car
    • (b) thrown out
    • (c) crushed
    • (d) √ head injury
  5. Putting on your seat belt requires:

    • (a) √ a little effort
    • (b) a lot of effort
    • (c) a little patience
    • (d) a lot of patience
  6. If you wear a seat belt you will:

    • (a) always be safe
    • (b) never be safe
    • (c) never be in trouble
    • (d) √ mostly be safe
  7. Every time you get into your car you make a:

    • (a) √ choice
    • (b) decision
    • (c) promise
    • (d) mistake

Text Book Exercise 5

Q. Read the text and answer the following questions in your notebook. After completing, compare your answers with your partner and make corrections where needed.

(a) What two important safety measures can save people’s lives?

  • Ans: Two important safety measures that can save people’s lives and protect them from disability are wearing helmets and fastening seat belts.

(b) Why is a helmet an important safety gear?

  • Ans: Helmets minimize the risks of head injuries, the most common cause of death and disability in case of a crash because they absorb the impact of a crash or fall. Non-helmeted motorcyclists are three times more likely to sustain head injuries in a crash as compared to those wearing firmly strapped helmets.

(c) How can not wearing a helmet change the life of bike riders and their families forever?

  • Ans: Accidental death or disability of a bike rider changes the life of the bike rider and his family forever. Nothing stays the same.

(d) What happens when a car stops suddenly?

  • Ans: If for some reason, somebody ahead of us applies brakes suddenly, it is very likely that the driver of our car will not have time to stop. The car that we are travelling in will crash into the vehicle in front. While the brakes or crash can make the car stop suddenly, the same does not apply to our bodies. The car brakes will stop the car, but our body is still travelling at the speed of our car. Our bodies will move forward and our heads will hit the windscreen. If the blow is strong, we may fall out of the car.

(e) How is the click of a seat belt button insurance?

  • Ans: The click of a seat belt is insurance that safeguards our safety and survival. We can lose our life and limb, or waste our time and money, or both, by not wearing our seat belts.

Text Book Exercise 6

Q. Work in pairs. Complete the statements given in column A with their respective parts in column B and write the alphabet of the respective part in the answer column.

No.Column AColumn BAns.
1.Wearing a helmet can providea) a motorbike ride comfortable and safei
2.Wind, sun rays, and dust particles canb) you can end up paying a finef
3.Long term exposure to eye-damaging factors canc) depending on how serious the injuries ared
4.In winter, the cold winds can caused) result in major eye-related health issuea
5.Wearing a helmet in winter can makee) can also affect one’s hearing capabilityh
6.Wearing a seat belt can save youf) hinder vision leading to unexpected problemsi
7.Not wearing a seat belt can lead tog) high medical expenses due to injuriesg
8.Medical expenses can be long term or short termh) discomfort and also affect the visionc
9.Injuries resulting from not wearing seat beltsi) multiple benefits to the ridere
10.Breaking the law by not wearing the seat beltj) from unnecessary expensesb

Text Book Exercise 7

Q. Work in pairs, read the boxes indicated, and write the reasons in each case.

Helmets (Boxes 1, 2, 3 & 4)
Reasons why people should wear helmetsReasons why people don’t wear helmets
Helmets minimize the risks of head injuries, the most common cause of death and disability in case of a crash because they absorb the impact of a crash or fall. Non-helmeted motorcyclists are three times more likely to sustain head injuries in a crash as compared to those wearing firmly strapped helmets.People do not wear helmets because their hairstyle gets messed up. Some say that helmets make them feel uncomfortable, that they cannot put up with the heat. Others complain that helmets cause too much sweating, and this irritates them. Some, however, have no specific reason for not wearing helmets except that they are sure that they will not get injured.
Head injuries are the most widespread cause of death in motorcycle accidents. Moreover, traumatic brain injury can result in permanent disability.
Accidental death or disability of a bike rider changes the life of the bike rider and his family forever. Nothing stays the same.
Seat Belts (Boxes A, C & E)
Reasons why people should wear seat beltsReasons why people don’t wear seat belts
The click of a seat belt is insurance that safeguards our safety and survival. We can lose our life and limb, or waste our time and money, or both, by not wearing our seat belts.Some people think that seat belts are not necessary. They think that seat belts cramp their style or that seat belts are uncomfortable.

Prepositions and Conditional Sentences - Solved Book Exercise - English 10th

 

Text Book Exercise 1

Q. Work individually, choose the correct option from the prepositions of movement and direction given in parentheses. After completing, compare your answers with your partner.

  1. Let’s go for a walk by (across/under/by) the river.
  2. I’m going to (to/past/around) the shop to buy some grocery.
  3. We sailed around (over/under/around) the bay today.
  4. Let’s walk through (under/over/by) the river.
  5. I’m going to (over/into/to) Paris in May.
  6. We walked all around (around/under/to) the city centre but couldn’t find the store.
  7. He put the open book on (at/on/in) the desk and asked the child to read.
  8. The lion walked in a circle around (across/around/into) the baby giraffe before attacking it.
  9. The train passed through (onto/into/through) nine tunnels on the way to Peshawar.
  10. His dog is always trying to escape from (from/on/past) the backyard. 

Text Book Exercise 2

Q. Work individually, choose the right option to complete the sentences. After completing, compare your answers with your partner.

  1. Be careful when you walk across the street. You may encounter stray dogs there.
    (a) Through (b) Above (c) Across (d) Up

  2. The car is going through the tunnel to reach the station.
    (a) Around (b) Below (c) At (d) Through

  3. A flock of birds is flying over the trees under the blue sky.
    (a) Over (b) Through (c) Onto (d) On

  4. She walked the kitchen and put her packages onto the table.
    (a) In (b) Into (c) Onto (d) On

  5. River Kunhar flows towards the lake.
    (a) Towards (b) Over (c) Up (d) On

  6. While waiting for my train, I took a walk around the station.
    (a) On (b) Around (c) Onto (d) In

  7. A formation of twelve airplanes flew over our houses.
    (a) Up (b) Down (c) Over (d) Past

  8. The door was locked, so I shoved the letter under the door.
    (a) Around (b) Under (c) On (d) Into

  9. The poachers go through the forest to hunt animals for their hide.
    (a) On (b) Through (c) In (d) Over

  10. I slipped as I stepped onto the platform.
    (a) Into (b) Onto (c) Around (d) Across

Compound Prepositions

Compound prepositions are composed of two or more prepositions to function as one preposition. Compound prepositions must not be joined together as they are two separate words that function as one word.

Example:

  • According to his mother, he often talked in his sleep.
  • We waste a lot of time arguing instead of agreeing.
  • They continued with their search and rescue mission in spite of the bad weather.
  • They had to paint their office in addition to their usual work.

Some Compound Prepositions:

  • according to
  • as to
  • opposite to
  • away from
  • aside from
  • because of
  • close to
  • depending on
  • in favour of
  • on account of
  • on behalf of
  • in addition to
  • in return for
  • in spite of
  • due to
  • next to
  • in between
  • in case of
  • along with
  • apart from
  • out of

Text Book Exercise 3

Q. Work individually. Use an appropriate compound preposition from the list given above to complete the sentences below. After completing, compare your answer with your partner and make corrections where necessary.

  1. He can’t perform anymore because of his failing health.
  2. The villagers had to carry pails of water due to their work in the fields.
  3. Sameer was never in favour of his parents going to the city.
  4. This theory is wrong according to his philosophy.
  5. The match was delayed because of rain.
  6. This dog has been sitting next to me for one hour.
  7. I gave him a new book in return for the one I lost.
  8. We will inform you later, depending on the situation.
  9. The van stopped in front of the hospital.
  10. You will have to leave your position in case of any change in the plan.

Text Book Exercise 4

Look at the picture above and fill the blanks in the following passage with one of the prepositions given in the box. Each preposition may be used only once.

Box of Prepositions:

  • according to
  • down
  • through
  • in spite of
  • around
  • past
  • on top of
  • up
  • into
  • out of
  • over
  • due to
  • to
  • at
  • from
  • on

Passage:

One hot summer morning, in spite of the intense heat, we decided to take a trip out of the city and go to the ocean. We got into the car and drove down the highway, which went around one side of the mountain and came up the other side. Then the highway went on a part of the lake and over the bridge. After that, we drove through the forest and past the big water tower. We arrived at the beach by noon due to the heavy traffic. According to the map, the water that flowed in the river came from the melted glaciers. One of my friends also told me that natives preferred to live on top of the mountain as they felt safe there.

Type 3 Conditional Sentences

There are three main types of conditional tenses. Look at the table below:

TypeConditionExample
Type 1Present action leading to future resultsIf the team plays well, they will get into the finals.
Type 2Past action leading to present resultsIf I worked harder, I could get better results.
Type 3Past action leading to past resultsIf he had listened to his parents, he would have got the job.
  • Type 1: If... present simple verb... will/can/might + verb
  • Type 2: If... past simple verb... would/could/might + verb
  • Type 3: If... past perfect verb... would have/could have/might have + verb

The Type 3 conditional is used when talking about something that was not done, which led to results about which nothing can be done now.

Example: If I had studied more, I would have passed my exams. (But I didn’t, so I failed, and nothing can be done about it.)


Text Book Exercise 5

Q. Work with your partner. Orally discuss the following Type 1 Conditional Sentences exercise by using the words provided. Then, do it in your notebook. You may refer to the table given at the beginning of this Unit as and when needed.

  1. We _______ all our wild life if we ______ not careful. (destroy/be)
  2. If we ______ all sorts of chemicals into rivers, we _______ them. (dump/pollute)
  3. If we ______ trees at the present speed, we ______ our oxygen supply. (cut/endanger)
  4. If the global temperature ______, the sea levels ______. (increase/rise)
  5. We’ll ______ our own existence if we ______ waste at the present rate. (threaten/produce)
  6. The traffic flow ______ better if everyone ______ the traffic rules. (be/follow)
  1. If I ______ you some of the chocolates, I ______ very few left for the party. (give/have)
  2. You ______ better marks next time if you ______ less time on video games. (get/spend)
  3. If you ______ so loudly during the match, you ______ our neighbours. (shout/disturb)
  4. We ______ the Eiffel Tower if we ______ to Paris. (visit/go)

Answers:

  1. will destroy, are
  2. dump, will pollute
  3. cut, will endanger
  4. increases, will rise
  5. will be, follows
  6. give, will have
  7. will get, spend
  8. shout, will disturb
  9. will visit, go

Text Book Exercise 6

Q. Work with your partner. Orally discuss the following Type 2 Conditional Sentences exercise by using the words provided. Then, do it in your notebook. You may refer to the table given at the beginning of this section as and when needed.

  1. If you ______ dark glasses, you ______ your eyes. (wear/protect)
  2. It ______ impossible to enter the building if the porter ______ us. (be/stop)
  3. I ______ this work for you if time ______. (do/permit)
  1. If I ______ a lottery, I ______ a new computer. (win/buy)
  2. He ______ leave if he ______ cold. (take/catch)
  3. If the police ______ hard enough, they ______ the thief to prison. (try/send)
  4. My friend ______ you a concession if you ______ the oven from him. (get/purchase)
  5. If I ______ you, I ______ for the job. (be/apply)
  6. If the doctor ______ him, he ______ to work. (allow/go)
  7. It ______ me a lot of pleasure if they ______ the gift. (give/accept)

Answers:

  1. wore, could protect
  2. would be, stopped
  3. could do, permitted
  4. won, would buy
  5. might take, caught
  6. tried, would send
  7. could get, purchased
  8. were, would apply
  9. allowed, would go
  10. would give, accepted

Text Book Exercise 7

Q. Work with your partner. Orally discuss the following Type 3 Conditional Sentences exercise by using the words provided. Then, do it in your notebook. You may refer to the table given at the beginning of this Unit as and when needed.

  1. If the flight, ______ on time, my boss ______ to the meeting. (arrive/come)
  2. They ______ all the food if I ______ it on the table. (eat/keep)
  3. If the driver ______ at the turning, the old woman ______ the road easily. (stop/cross)
  4. If you ______ your umbrella, you ______ getting wet in the rain. (take/avoid)
  5. I ______ the storm if I ______ more cautions. (escape/be)
  6. The people ______ if they ______ that there was no food. (leave/know)
  7. The child ______ the punishment if the scars ______. (forget/disappear)
  8. If their new player ______ as expected they ______ the match. (perform/win)
  9. There ______ no fight if the police ______ in time. (be/arrive)
  10. If he ______ the question, the teacher ______ him some marks. (attempt/give)

Answers:

  1. had arrived, would have come
  2. would have eaten, had kept
  3. had stopped, could have crossed
  4. had taken, might have avoided
  5. could have escaped, had been
  6. could have left, had known
  7. might have forgotten, had disappeared
  8. had performed, could have won
  9. might have been, had arrived
  10. had attempted, could have given

Text Book Exercise 8

Q. Sheeba won the provincial folk songs competition and was interviewed by a reporter. She mainly responded by using the type 3 conditional sentences. The pair verbs used in each response are given below in a jumbled order. Complete her responses in the following dialogue. After you have completed, compare your answers with your partner and make corrections where needed. The first one has been done as an example.

Verb pairs:
be / perform
select / think
make / encourage
lose / cry
fail / be

Reporter: Congratulations, Ms. Sheeba. You have won!

Sheeba: Thank you. If I had stopped practicing, I would have lost.

Reporter: What if you had lost?

Sheeba: If I had lost the competition, I might have cried.

Reporter: How would your parents have felt?

Sheeba: If I had failed, my parents would have been very disappointed.

Reporter: What about your friends?

Sheeba: Some might have made fun of me while a few would have encouraged me to try again.

Reporter: What could you have done differently to make sure you won?

Sheeba: I might have selected a different song if I had thought about it.

Reporter: Anything else that you would like to say?

Sheeba: My self-esteem could have been badly affected if I had performed badly.

Reporter: Any message that you would like to give to others?

Sheeba: Work hard, prepare well, and you will succeed one day. Don’t ever give up.

Reporter: Thank you.

Sheeba: Thank you.

My travel Diary Journey To The Gorakh Hills Station - Solved Book Exercise - English 10th

Text Book Exercise 1

Q. After reading the text, select the best option for the following statements.

  1. Their final destination was:

    • (a) Jamshoro
    • (b) Sehwan
    • (c) Gorakh Hills
    • (d) Hyderabad
  2. Starting their journey from Karachi, they reached the Gorakh Hills:

    • (a) in four hours
    • (b) in less than four hours
    • (c) before sunset
    • (d) after sunset
  3. The trip lasted for:

    • (a) one day
    • (b) two days
    • (c) three days
    • (d) four days

Text Book Exercise 2

Q. Work in pairs. First, look at the words in Box A. Then, read paragraphs 1-5, underline the words given in Column A in the text. Then find their meanings in Column B and write the answers in Column C. Do the same with Box B, paragraphs 6-10.


Box A: Paragraphs 1-5

S NoColumn A (Word)Column B (Meaning)Column C (Answer)
1summita) deeply respectedg
2resortb) a substance which when burnt gives out a sweet smelli

 

Box A: Paragraphs 1-5

S NoColumn A (Word)Column B (Meaning)Column C (Answer)
3awesomec) extremely largef
4glimpsesd) having a pleasant smellh
5detoure) pay respect publiclyk
6colossalf) highly impressivec
7reveredg) highest point of somethinga
8incredibleh) a brief viewi
9pay homagei) almost impossible to believee
10aromaticj) a place that people go to for holidaysd
11incensek) take around about routeb

Box B: Paragraphs 6-10

S NoColumn A (Word)Column B (Meaning)Column C (Answer)
12ruggedl) slowlyu
13vantagem) holding one’s attention completelyq
14canopyn) breathtakings
15standstillo) coming downwardsw
16graduallyp) a place providing a good viewi
17descendingq) showing attention to detailp
18spellbindingr) a covering over somethingm
19tranquilizeds) a thing kept as a reminder of something or someonev
20meticuloust) have a calming or sedative effectr
21awe-inspiringu) rough naturaln
22souvenirsv) having no movementt

Text Book Exercise 3

Q. Below is a brief summary of the places mentioned along the route. Read the text and fill in the blanks with the names of these places. After completing the exercise compare your answers with your partner.

The journey began from Karachi. After crossing the toll plaza got on the Motorway. First crossed Nooriabad and then Jamshoro. Could see some glimpses of the river Indus on the right. According to the GPS Hyderabad was across the river. Went to a hotel on Kotri Barrage. After that got on the Indus Highway, which was on the right bank of the river Indus. The next stop was Sehwan. Had lunch on the bus that comprised spicy fish caught from the Manchar Lake. Finally reached the Gorakh Hills.

On the way back, took the Dadu-Moro bridge route. Stopped at Hala to buy souvenirs. Glimpsed Matiari in the distance. Passed close by Bhit Shah. Finally, crossed Hyderabad, got on the Motorway and reached Karachi.


Text Book Exercise 4

Q. The statements given below very briefly describe the main points of each paragraph. Work with a partner and find out the paragraphs that have the following key points. Write the paragraph number in the space provided.

Key PointsParagraph Number
(a) Travel to the top6
(b) Stopover for breakfast3
(c) Activities at night7
(d) Birthday trip to the Gorakh Hills1
(e) Morning scenes and event8
(f) Shrine description4
(g) Good memories10
(h) Start of the journey2
(i) Places on the trip back home9
(j) Lunch on the bus5

Text Book Exercise 5

Q. Read the text again and circle the right option. After completing the exercise, compare your answers with your partner.

  1. The Gorakh Hills are the highest place in:

    • (a) Pakistan
    • (b) Baluchistan
    • (c) Sehwan
    • (d) Sindh
  2. The guide explained the route and gave ____________ to everyone.

    • (a) lunch
    • (b) breakfast
    • (c) flyers
    • (d) directions
  3. Asif used his mobile phone to look for:

    • (a) the route
    • (b) information
    • (c) instructions
    • (d) new places
  4. The text states that many people visit the shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalander to seek:

    • (a) fulfillment of wishes
    • (b) material benefits
    • (c) blessings
    • (d) healing
  5. For lunch they had:

    • (a) fish and chips
    • (b) sugarcane juice and rolls
    • (c) fish and sugarcane juice
    • (d) sandwiches and sugarcane juice
  6. At night they could hear the sounds of ____________.

    • (a) dogs barking
    • (b) wolves howling
    • (c) water flowing
    • (d) many animals
  7. There was more greenery on ____________ of the river.

    • (a) the right side
    • (b) the left side
    • (c) the bank
    • (d) both side
  8. According to Ibn-e-Batuta, makes once a good storyteller:

    • (a) reading
    • (b) listening to good stories
    • (c) not speaking
    • (d) travelling

Text Book Exercise 6

Q. Work in pairs and write three sentences about the following. After completing, exchange your work with another pair and read each other’s work.

  1. Gorakh Hills Station

    • (i) Gorakh Hills Station is situated at an elevation of 5,690 ft. from the sea level.
    • (ii) It is the highest summit and a holiday resort in Sindh.
    • (iii) It has beautiful natural beauty.
  2. Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar

    • (i) It is situated in Sehwan.
    • (ii) People from all walks of life come to the saint’s shrine to pay homage.
    • (iii) It is commonly believed that a visit to this shrine can provide healing for all types of illnesses.
  3. After dinner activities

    • (i) Under a canopy of stars, the bonfire was lit.
    • (ii) They had fun indulging in activities such as Baetbazi, Chinese whisper, sharing funny stories, and all sorts of childish games that we could think of.
    • (iii) The sparkling golden hues of the fire, the crackling of the wood, the bright star above, and the warmth of friends gathered around the fire made time come to a standstill.
  4. Spell-binding experiences

    • (i) The sparkling golden hues of the fire, the crackling of the wood, the bright stars above, and the warmth of friends gathered around the fire made time come to a standstill.
    • (ii) A sunrise was one that one would witness in a painting or a movie; and the clouds were gradually descending all around.
    • (iii) It was spellbinding to see floating clouds, which one could touch, to smell the fragrances of different herbs, which tranquilized senses, and to hear the distant bleating of sheep grazing around.
  5. Birthday Breakfast

    • (i) Carrying a huge cake with candles on it, the author’s parents and friends sang ‘Happy Birthday’ to him.
    • (ii) Things had been planned to the last detail; a beautiful rug had been spread out for the cake-cutting ceremony.
    • (iii) The cake-cutting was followed by halwa puri for all.

Text Book Exercise 7

Q. Answer the following questions.

  1. Which two great saints are mentioned in the text?

    • Ans: Two highly revered Sufi saints, Lal Shahbaz Qalandar and Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, are mentioned in the text.
  2. Why did Asif’s parents decide to take him to the Gorakh Hills for his birthday?

    • Ans: Asif’s parents decided to take him to the Gorakh Hills for his birthday because they knew his love for travel.
  3. Why is Gorakh Hills a good place for a holiday?

    • Ans: Gorakh Hills is a good place for holiday because Gorakh Hills is cold because of the height. Its views are beautiful and wonderful.
  4. What was served for lunch and where was it served?

    • Ans: On leaving Sehwan, lunch was served. The lunch comprised spicy fish caught from the Manchar Lake with sugarcane juice.
  5. Why did they have to leave the bus and take the jeep to reach the top?

    • Ans: They had to leave the bus and took the jeep because now there would be a steep, uphill drive to reach the summit.
  6. Why did Asif and his family have to sleep in a tent?

    • Ans: Unfortunately, all rooms were occupied, and they had to rent tents for their night stay.
  7. What did Asif appreciate deeply about his parents?

    • Ans: His parents cut the cake for his birthday and arranged breakfast for all. Things had been planned to the last detail; a beautiful rug had been spread out for the cake-cutting ceremony. He was deeply touched by his parents’ love and meticulous arrangements.
  8. How was the return route different from the up journey route?

    • Ans: In the up journey route, they took Motorway and crossed Jamshoro, Hyderabad, and Kotri Barrage. Then they took the Indus Highway to Sehwan and they travelled from Sehwan to Gorakh Hills.

Transitional Devices and Direct Indirect - Solved Book Exercise - English 10th

 

Text Book Exercise 1

Q. Work individually and underline the words showing order in passage 1 and connectors of reason in passage 2 given below. Discuss your answers with your partner.

Passage 1:
Saturday was a great day! First, I met my friends at the sports centre. Then, we had lunch at Chez Café. Next, we went to a museum and saw some amazing dinosaurs. After that, we went to see a fantastic science fiction film. As soon as the film ended, we all went home.

Passage 2:
Bilal was an hour late because he had missed the train. I did not bother him as he was worried. I offered him lunch since it was lunchtime, but he refused. Owing to staff shortage at the office, everyone was very busy due to which nobody was able to ensure that he had had his lunch.


Text Book Exercise 2

Q. Work individually and complete the passage with the words showing order. Discuss your answers with your partner.

Passage:
Yesterday was my birthday, and it didn’t start well. I went to the park to meet my friends, but they weren’t there. So, I decided to look for them. First, I went to the shopping centre opposite the park, but they weren’t there. Then, I looked for them in the library, but they weren’t there. After that, I tried the sports centre and the restaurant near the park, but my friends weren’t there. In the end, I went home, and my friends were there, with a birthday cake, ice cream, music, and games. It was a surprise party for me! Finally, I had a great birthday.

Text Book Exercise 3

Q. Work individually and fill in the blanks with the most suitable words showing order from the brackets. An example has been done. Discuss your answers with your partner.

  1. My sister was in the dentist’s office for ten minutes. Meanwhile, I sat in the waiting room with an old magazine in my hands.
    (First, Meanwhile, Later)

  2. An hour passed, but there was no sign of Mujahid. Finally, we decided to go home.
    (Until, Before, Finally)

  3. We bumped into Salim during our trip to Keenjar Lake. A few weeks later, I met him again.
    (after, then, later)

  4. She had finished her lunch before I had even started.
    (later, than, before, after)

  5. They went to a nearby restaurant for breakfast, afterwards, they drove off towards the River Indus.
    (after that, afterwards, meanwhile)

  6. The football coach announced to play with Sindh first, and then with Baluchistan.
    (first-then, later-after, lastly-eventually)

  7. As we are all hungry, we will go to the park after taking lunch.
    (before, after, first)

Text Book Exercise 4

Q. The following statements describe the process of frying an egg, but the steps are all mixed up. Work with your partner and select the appropriate words for each blank to describe the process of frying an egg. After filling in the blanks, write these steps in the correct order, in the form of a paragraph, in your notebooks.

| Next | Step three | After that | In the end | First | Step two | Then | Step one |

  1. Next, cook for a while.
  2. Step one, put some oil in it.
  3. Step three, break the egg.
  4. First, take a frying pan.
  5. At the end, sprinkle salt and pepper over it.
  6. Finally, eat it with bread.
  7. Step two, put it on the stove.
  8. After that, put the fried egg on the plate.
  9. Then, put it in the heated oil.

Rearranged:
First, take a frying pan. Step one, put some oil in it. Step two, put it on the stove. Step three, break the egg. Then, put it in the heated oil. Next, cook for a while. After that, put the fried egg on the plate. At the end, sprinkle salt and pepper over it. Finally, eat it with bread.


Direct / Indirect Speech

There are two main ways of reporting people's words.
لوگوں کے الفاظ بیان کرنے کے دو عام طریقے ہیں۔


  1. Direct Speech:
    It consists of someone's exact words. It is written inside inverted commas. It begins with a capital letter.
    ا- براہ راست تقریر میں، کسی شخص کے اصل الفاظ کو مشتمل ہوتی ہے۔ یہ الٹے کومے کے اندر لکھی جاتی ہے اور بڑے حرف سے شروع ہوتی ہے۔

Indirect Speech

2. Indirect Speech:
It is the reported speech. The verb introducing the reported speech is called a reporting verb.

Rules for changing Direct Speech to Indirect Speech:
ڈائریکٹ سپیچ کو ان ڈائریکٹ سپیچ میں تبدیل کرنے کے قواعد


Rule 1:
Changing the Punctuation:
In indirect (reported speech), we omit the inverted commas in direct speech. We also omit the comma after the reporting verb.
(In Urdu) ان ڈائریکٹ تقریر میں ہم براہ راست تقریر میں الٹے کاموں کو چھوڑ دیتے ہیں اور ہم رپورٹنگ فعل کے بعد کوما بھی چھوڑ دیتے ہیں۔


Rule 2:
Changing the time and place expressions:
وقت اور جگہ کے الفاظ کی تبدیلی

DirectIndirect
herethere
thesethose
todaythat day
tomorrownext day / the following day
agobefore
thusso
thisthat
nowthen
yesterdaythe day before / the previous day
last weekthe week before / the previous week
next day/week/etc.the following day/week, etc.
the day after tomorrowin two days' time

Rule 3:
Changing the Person:
(i) First person pronouns 'I' and 'we' and first person possessive adjectives 'my' and 'our' change according to the subject of the reporting verb.

  • فرسٹ پرسن پروناؤنز 'I' اور 'We' اور پرسنل ایڈجیکٹو 'My' اور 'Our' سبجیکٹ کے مطابق تبدیل ہوتے ہیں۔

(ii) Second person pronoun 'you' and second person possessive adjective 'your' change according to the object of the reporting verb.

  • سیکنڈ پرسن پروناؤن 'You' اور پرسنل ایڈجیکٹو 'Your' object کے مطابق تبدیل ہوتے ہیں۔

(iii) Third person pronouns 'he', 'she', 'it', 'they' and third person possessive adjectives 'his', 'her', 'its', and 'their' never change.

  • تھرڈ پرسن پروناؤنز 'He', 'She', 'It', 'They' اور پرسنل ایڈجیکٹو 'His', 'Her', 'Its' اور 'Their' تبدیل نہیں ہوتے۔

Example:

  • Direct speech → He says, "I am happy."
  • Indirect speech → He says that he is happy.

Rule 4:
If there is an object after 'say', it changes into 'tell'. If there is no object after 'say' it remains say and does not change to 'tell'.

  • اگر say کے بعد object ہو تو یہ tell میں تبدیل ہو جاتا ہے، اور اگر کوئی object نہ ہو تو say ہی رہتا ہے۔

(iv) In declarative sentences, we use 'that' to begin the reported speech.

  • جملوں میں ہم رپورٹڈ تقریر کرنے کے لئے that کا استعمال کرتے ہیں۔

(v) Sometimes there is no object after the reporting verb, and the speaker says 'you', assume that you are being talked to. Change 'you' to 'I/me' or 'we/us'.

  • کبھی کبھار رپورٹنگ ورب کے بعد کوئی object نہیں ہوتا اور سپیکر 'you' کہتا ہے، تو اسے خود پر لے لیں۔ 'you' کو 'I/me' یا 'we/us' میں تبدیل کریں۔
  • They will say, "You are a fool." → They will say that I am a fool.

Rule 5: Changing the Present, Present Perfect, or Future Indefinite Tenses: If the reporting speech is in the present, present perfect, or future indefinite tense, there is no change of tenses in the reported speech.

  • فعل حال مطلق، فعل حال کامل اور فعل مستقبل معروف کی تبدیلیاں:
    اگر رپورٹنگ فعل حال مطلق، Present Perfect، یا Future Indefinite میں ہو تو رپورٹڈ تقریر میں ٹینسز کی تبدیلی نہیں ہوتی ہے۔

Rule 6: Changing the Past Tenses:
If the reporting verb is in past tense, the following changes take place.

  • فعل ماضی کی تبدیلیاں:
    اگر رپورٹنگ فعل Past Tense میں ہو تو مندرجہ ذیل تبدیلیاں ہوتی ہیں۔

(a) Present Indefinite Tense → Past Indefinite Tense
e.g.: He said to me, "I change my subjects now."
He told me that he changed his subjects then.

(b) Present Continuous Tense → Past Continuous Tense
e.g.: She told to her, "You are not doing well in your studies."
She told her that she was not doing well in her studies.

(c) Present Perfect Tense → Past Perfect Tense
e.g.: He said to my brother, "You have made a great mistake."
He told my brother that he had made a great mistake.

(d) Present Perfect Continuous Tense → Past Perfect Continuous Tense
e.g.: She said to her sister, "You have been wasting your time for three days."
She told her sister that she had been wasting her time for three days.

(e) Past Indefinite Tense → Past Perfect Tense
e.g.: She said to me, "You made a good decision."
She told me that I had made a good decision.

(f) Past Continuous Tense → Past Perfect Continuous Tense
e.g.: He said to her, "You were wearing a red dress."
He told her that she had been wearing a red dress.

(g) Past Perfect Tense → No Change
e.g.: She said, "I had not met him before."
She said that she had not met him before.

(h) Past Perfect Continuous Tense → No Change
e.g.: My friend said to me, "I had been living in Dubai for two years."
My friend told me that she had been living in Dubai for two years.

(i) Will/Shall → Would/Should
e.g.: They said to us, "You will get a reward."
They told us that we would get a reward.

(j) Will Be (ing) → Would Be (ing)
e.g.: Naheed said to me, "He will be playing in the ground."
Naheed told me that he would be playing in the ground.

(k) Must → Had to
e.g.: He said to me, "You must take care of your health."
He told me that I had to take care of my health.

(l) Can → Could
e.g.: He said to me, "I can speak English."
He told me that he could speak English.

(m) May → Might
e.g.: He said, "It may rain today."
He said that it might rain that day.

(n) Have To/Has To → Had To
e.g.: She said, "You have to hurry."
She said that I had to hurry.

(o) Would/Should/Might/Could/Had To/Had Better/Ought To/Used To → No Change
e.g.: She said, "I used to live here."
She said that she used to live there.

(p) A Universal Truth → No Change
e.g.: My teacher said, "AIDS is caused by a virus."
My teacher said that AIDS is caused by a virus.

Rule 7: Changing Simple Interrogative Sentences:

(i) We change the reporting verb into 'ask'.
ہم رپورٹنگ فعل کو 'ask' میں تبدیل کرتے ہیں۔

(ii) Instead of 'that' we use 'if' or 'whether', 'if' is more popular/common.
'that' کے بجائے ہم 'if' یا 'whether' استعمال کرتے ہیں۔ 'if' زیادہ عام ہے۔

(iii) The simple interrogative sentence is changed into an affirmative sentence.
سادہ سوالیہ جملے کو اثباتی جملے میں تبدیل کر دیا جاتا ہے۔

(iv) A simple interrogative sentence begins with an auxiliary (model) e.g.
am/is/are/was/were/will/shall/can/could/may/might/must/should/would, etc.
سادہ سوالیہ جملہ auxiliary (model) سے شروع ہوتا ہے۔

Example:
He said, "Will you help me?"
He asked if I would help him.


Rule 8: Changing Real Interrogative Sentences:

Real interrogative sentences begin with interrogative words.
حقیقی سوالیہ جملے سوالیہ الفاظ سے شروع ہوتے ہیں۔
e.g.: what/when/who/which/whose/why/where/how/whom, etc.

(i) Like simple interrogative sentences, we change the reporting verb to 'ask'.
سادہ سوالیہ جملوں کی طرح، ہم رپورٹنگ فعل کو 'ask' میں تبدیل کرتے ہیں۔

(ii) We do not use 'that or if', but we use the given interrogative word.
ہم 'that' اور 'if' استعمال نہیں کرتے بلکہ دیا گیا سوالیہ لفظ استعمال کرتے ہیں۔

(iii) The real interrogative sentence is changed to an affirmative sentence.
حقیقی سوالیہ جملے کو اثباتی جملے میں تبدیل کر دیا جاتا ہے۔

Example:
He said to me, "Who did it?"
He asked me who had done it.

Rule 9: Changing Imperative Sentences:

An imperative sentence makes a request or gives a command.
حکمی / التماسی جملوں کی تبدیلی:
امر یا التماس کرنے کا جملہ ہوتا ہے۔

(i) The reporting verb is changed to tell/order/warn/advise/remind/beg/ask, etc.
However, we can use 'tell' for commands and 'ask' for requests in all situations.
رپورٹنگ فعل کو tell/order/warn/advise/remind/beg/ask, etc. میں تبدیل کیا جاتا ہے۔
ہم تمام صورتوں میں حکم کے لئے tell اور درخواست کے لئے ask استعمال کرتے ہیں۔
Example:
He said to me, "Don’t do it again."
He told me not to do it again.
(She said to her, "Please, help me.")
She asked her to help her.

(ii) Positive imperative sentences start with "to" and negative imperative sentences start with "not to".
مثبت جملے 'to' سے اور منفی جملے 'not to' سے شروع ہوتے ہیں۔

(iii) If the reporting verb is not followed by an object, supply an object yourself.
اگر رپورٹنگ فعل کے بعد کوئی object نہ ہو تو خود سے کوئی object لگا دیں۔


Rule 10: Changing Exclamatory Sentences:

An exclamatory sentence expresses a thought with strong emotions.
Exclamatory جملوں کی تبدیلی:
Exclamatory جملے جذبات کے ساتھ کسی خیال کا اظہار کرتے ہیں۔

(i) They are changed into affirmative sentences.
یہ جملے اثباتی جملوں میں تبدیل ہو جاتے ہیں۔

(ii) The reporting verb is 'tell' or, 'expressed with sorrow/joy'. Tell is more common.
رپورٹنگ فعل 'tell' یا 'expressed with sorrow/joy' ہوتا ہے۔ Tell زیادہ عام ہے۔

(iii) We use 'that' in exclamatory sentences.
ہم exclamatory جملوں میں 'that' استعمال کرتے ہیں۔

Example:
He said, "What a hot day!"
He said that it was a hot day.
(She said, "How heavy it is!")
She said that it was heavy.

Revision of Direct / Indirect Questions

You have already learned in earlier classes about the two types of questions: 'Yes / No' questions and Wh-questions. When changing 'Yes / No' type of questions from direct to indirect speech, if or whether is added.

Example:

  • Direct: Rehana said, “Can you fetch me some water?”
    Indirect: Rehana asked if I could fetch her some water.

  • Direct: Parvez said, “Are you from Australia?”
    Indirect: Parvez asked whether I was from Australia.

However, when changing the Wh-questions from direct to indirect speech, the 'Wh' word used in the direct speech is used in the indirect speech. Moreover, the person who is being asked the question is either mentioned directly or there is an indirect reference.

Example:

  • Direct: Mother said, “How is the chicken?”
    Indirect: Mother asked me how the chicken was.

  • Direct: Haseeb said, “When will we go to the stadium, Tahir?”
    Indirect: Haseeb asked Tahir when they would go to the stadium.


Text Book Exercise 5

Q. Work in pairs, orally discuss and change the following from direct to indirect speech. After discussing, write the correct responses in your notebook.

  1. Ali’s friend said, “Can you spare me your book for a week?”
    Ans: Ali’s friend asked if I could spare him my book for a week.

  2. She said to him, “Do you sell seafood?”
    Ans: She asked him if he sold seafood.

  3. “Have you visited Mohatta palace in Karachi, Charles?” said Behram.
    Ans: Behram wanted to know whether Charles had visited Mohatta palace in Karachi.

      4. Rehan said to his sister, "Was your friend's birthday on Friday or Saturday?"
      Ans: Rehan asked his sister if her friend's birthday was on Friday or Saturday.

       5. The doctor said to his patient, "Are you taking medicine regularly?"
       Ans: The doctor asked his patient if he was taking medicine regularly.

       6. "Can we take photographs here?" the students asked the caretaker.
        Ans: The students asked the caretaker if they could take photographs there.

        7. Ashok said, "Is there a petrol pump nearby, Sunil?"
        Ans: Ashok asked Sunil if there was a petrol pump nearby.

        8. Mother said, "Do they know the date of our visit?"
       Ans: Mother asked if they knew the date of our visit.

Text Book Exercise 6

Q. Work in pairs, orally discuss and change the following from direct to indirect speech. After discussing, write the correct responses in your notebook.

  1. “When will your results be announced?” said Jason.
    Ans: Jason asked when our results would be announced.

  2. “What time will the match start, Zaheer?” said Zaman.
    Ans: Zaman asked Zaheer what time the match would start.

  3. The old woman asked, “Where is the nearest hospital?”
    Ans: The old woman asked where the nearest hospital was.

  4. The climber said, “How quickly can we climb this hill?”
    Ans: The climber asked how quickly we could climb that hill.

  5. “What is the price of this article?” the customer asked the shopkeeper.
    Ans: The customer asked the shopkeeper what the price of that article was.

  6. “Why are you angry with me, Zahida?” said Sabiha.
    Ans: Sabiha asked Zahida why she was angry with her.

  7. The policeman said, “Whose car is this?”
    Ans: The police asked whose car that was.

  8. The old man said, “Children, who broke this windowpane?”
    Ans: The old man asked the children who had broken that windowpane.

Text Book Exercise 7

Q. When Faiz returned from the interview, his friends wanted to know the details. He reported what the interviewer had asked him. Work individually and write what Faiz told his friends. The first one has been done as an example.

  1. "What is your name?"
    Ans: The interviewer asked me what my name was.

  2. "What is your qualification?"
    Ans: She asked me my qualifications. / She asked me what my qualification was.

  3. "Do you know how to type?"
    Ans: She asked me if I knew how to type.

  4. "Can you use the computer?"
    Ans: The interviewer asked if I could use the computer.

  5. "How good is your English?"
    Ans: The interviewer wanted to know how good my English was.

  6. "Have you worked anywhere else before?"
    Ans: She asked if I had worked anywhere else before.

  7. "Why do you want to work in this factory?"
    Ans: She asked why I wanted to work in that factory.

  8. "Where do you live?"
    Ans: The interviewer asked where I lived.

  9. "How far is this factory from your house?"
    Ans: She enquired how far that factory was from my house.

  10. "Is there any question that you want to ask?"
    Ans: She wanted to know if I wanted to ask any question.

Text Book Exercise 8

Q. Work individually and rewrite the passage in the form of reported speech.

Nadeem went to his boss and said, “Will I get a promotion this year?” His boss replied that he would. Nadeem said, “When will I get it?” His boss said that he would, but on one condition. “What is that?” said Nadeem. The boss replied, “Can you answer some questions?” Nadeem said, “If I answer correctly, will I get the promotion?” The boss confirmed it and said, “Should I ask you three easy questions or one difficult question?”
“Can you give me some time to think?” said Nadeem. The boss gave him two minutes to decide. “Is the difficult question very difficult?” asked Nadeem. The boss replied that it would depend on what he thought was difficult. Nadeem said, “What if I cannot answer?”
He then further asked, “Will I get another chance?” The boss replied in the negative. Nadeem thought for a minute and agreed to be asked one difficult question. The boss asked him if he was sure. Nadeem said, “Do I have a choice?” The boss said that he could try the three easy questions. Nadeem said that he would like to answer the difficult question. So, the boss said, “What came first, day or night?” Nadeem thought for a minute and replied that day came first. The boss asked him “How do you know?” Nadeem said, “You had answered one question as per their agreement.” The boss had been pleased with his quick thinking and had given him immediate promotion.


Ans: Nadeem went to his boss and asked if he would get a promotion that year. His boss replied that he would. Nadeem asked when he would get it. His boss said that he would, but on one condition. Nadeem asked what that was. The boss enquired if he could answer some questions. Nadeem asked if he answered correctly would he get the promotion. The boss confirmed it and enquired if he should ask three easy questions or one difficult question.

Nadeem asked if he could give him some time to think. The boss gave him two minutes to decide. Nadeem asked if the difficult question was very difficult. The boss replied that it would depend on what he thought was difficult. Nadeem asked what if he could not answer. Then he further asked if he would get another chance. The boss replied in the negative.

Nadeem thought for a minute and agreed to be asked one difficult question. The boss asked him if he was sure. Nadeem asked if he had a choice. The boss told him that he could try three easy questions. Nadeem said that he would like to answer the difficult question. So, the boss asked what had come first, day or night. Nadeem thought for a minute and replied that day came first. The boss asked how he knew. Nadeem said that he had answered one question as per their agreement. The boss had been pleased with his quick thinking and gave him immediate promotion.

The Voice of God – Text Book Exercise

Text Book Exercise 1

Q. Answer the following questions and then share your answers with your partner.

  1. The main idea of the poem is to speak gently with:

    • (a) children
    • (b) young people
    • (c) all people
    • (d) ✔ old people
  2. By speaking gently, we attract people’s:

    • (a) attention
    • (b) ✔ love
    • (c) care
    • (d) help
  3. Speaking gently is something:

    • (a) big
    • (b) difficult
    • (c) ✔ small
    • (d) impossible
  4. We shall have good results of speaking kindly in the:

    • (a) shortly
    • (b) ✔ world
    • (c) deeply
    • (d) keenly
  5. We should speak kindly to the old people because they will leave the world:

    • (a) after a long time
    • (b) ✔ shortly
    • (c) deeply
    • (d) none of these

Text Book Exercise 2

Q. Work in pairs and underline the following words in the poem. Next, choose the suitable meaning from the box below and write it against the words.

Unending time/foreverTone of voiceTriedSpoil
Cause unhappinessRude or roughSoftly and kindlyOld
S NoWordsMeaning
1.GentlySoft and kindly
2.HarshRude and rough
3.MarSpoil
4.AccentsTone of voice
5.AgedOld
6.GrieveCause unhappiness
7.CarewornTired
8.EternityUnending time/forever

Text Book Exercise 3

Q. Read the text and match sentences in column A with column B. Write the answers in column C. Compare your answers with your partner.

S NoABC
1.Speak gently to everyoneso as not cause them unhappiness1A-5B
2.Speak gently so as not toits impact on people’s lives2A-4B
3.Speak gently to little children andsmall but important3A-6B
4.Speak gently to old peoplewipe out all the good work done4A-1B
5.Speak gently as it is somethingto win people’s love5A-3B
6.Speak gently as only time will showteach them in a soft manner6A-2B

Text Book Exercise 4

Q. Work in pairs and find out the reasons why the poet asks us to speak gently. First, discuss the reasons orally and then write the answers in your notebook.

(a) We should speak gently to everyone because
Soft and kind words leave a deep and lasting impression.

(b) We should not speak in a harsh manner because
It will deprive us of all the good we do here and we will have more enemies than friends.

(c) We should teach children in a soft manner because
They can also learn to speak gently. We can get their love by speaking gently with them.

(d) We should not cause unhappiness to older people because they are going to die soon and let them die in peace.
We should not make them sad by speaking harshly.

(e) Speaking gently is a small but important thing because
It touches the depths of the heart. The good and the joy it brings Eternity shall tell.


Text Book Exercise 5

Q. Work in pairs and list down two things for each verse that the poet mentions people should do and what would be the result of doing each thing.

Verse 1:

(a) Speak gently to everyone
(b) Rule by love

Results: By speaking softly we win people’s hearts. We rule the hearts.


Verse 2:

(a) Speak gently to children
(b) Teach them soft and mild accents

Results: Children’s childhood will soon be over. They will learn to speak softly, and we will get the love of children.


Verse 3:

(a) Speak gently to old persons
(b) Let them die in peace

Results: Older people don’t know what they have endured in their lives. Do not grieve their broken hearts. Make it easy for them to leave the world.

Text Book Exercise 6

Q. Based on answers in Exercises 3, 4, and 5, write the summary of the poem. Look at the summary writing tips in Unit 3.1 and 3.4.

Ans:
In the world, we do some good deeds and some bad deeds. Talking is not bad, but sometimes our way of talking and the words we use are bad and harsh. Pointing on the same, the poet of the beautiful poem “Speak Gently” says that we should speak gently while we talk and that we should avoid using harsh words as they hurt the feelings of our fellowmen. Speaking gently and using soft words can please others and help us win their hearts.

While we talk to a little child, our accent should be soft and mild. Teaching or telling something to him, we should not forget that he is just a child, so our attitude should be polite, slow, and friendly. This attitude will win his heart, and he will feel love for the speaker.

If we talk to an aged person, we should think of his old age. As he is weak, broken-hearted, and near to death, we should have love for him and speak gently. Our good attitude and good way of talking will reduce his grief, and he will feel good and happy.

Speaking gently is a little thing, but its impact is great. Our bad and rough way of talking and harsh words can hurt the feelings of anyone and make them sad and unhappy. Our good way of talking can make anyone smile and happy. What and how we speak and behave will reflect in our life hereafter.

Revision of Number of Nouns | Modal Verbs


Text Book Exercise 1

Q. Form plurals of the following singular nouns. After completing, compare your answers with your partner.

S NoSingular NounPlural Noun
01.StoryStories
02.HairHair
03.ChildChildren
04.LeafLeaves
05.Son in lawSons in law
06.ToothTeeth
07.WomanWomen
08.ThiefThieves
09.PortfolioPortfolios
10.StudioStudios
11.Secretary of stateSecretaries of state
12.NewsNews
13.HoofHoofs
14.TheoryTheories
15.TrousersTrousers
16.HairHair
17.EssayEssays
18.ValleyValleys
19.ToothTeeth
20.ChimneyChimneys

Text Book Exercise 2

Q. Fill in the blanks with appropriate plural forms of the given nouns. After completing, compare your answers with your partner.

  1. I saw three big oxen (ox) near the cliffs (cliff).
  2. There were many police (police) near those houses (house).
  3. Please buy some potatoes (potato) and tomatoes (tomato).
  4. Farmer Abdul Raheem has three sheep (sheep) and four deer (deer) on his farm.
  5. Mrs. Jahanzaib had to go for check-ups (check-up) every week.
  6. Raja is more than six feet (foot) tall, but he is afraid of mice (mouse).
  7. The little calves (calf) lost their mothers (mother).
  8. There are three banks (bank) in the four cities (city) close to my village.
  9. We need more knives (knife) and forks (fork).
  10. My sister has lost three of her teeth (tooth).

Text Book Exercise 3

Q. Work in pairs. Write down the plural of the given nouns. Then, form sentences using both the singular and plural nouns in your own sentences. An example is given below.

Example:

  • radio
    My grandfather has one very old radio.
  • radios
    There are several types of radios in this shop.
S NoWordsSentence
01.LeafA fallen leaf floated on the surface of the water.
LeavesLeaves begin to fall in October.
02.DishThis dish is tasty.
DishesMy sister is in the kitchen washing dishes.
03.Father-in-lawHe had been deeply affected by the sudden death of his father-in-law.
Fathers-in-lawAlmost all fathers-in-law have the same emotions and feelings.

Text Book Exercise 4

Q. Work in pairs. Orally discuss and change the following statements into requests by using modal verbs. After discussing, write the requested sentences in your notebook.

  1. Shut the door, as it is windy today.
    Ans: Will you please shut the door, as it is windy today?

  2. Send me an email and I’ll follow it up.
    Ans: Would you please send me an email and I’ll follow it up?

  3. Help me finish this assignment.
    Ans: Could you help me finish this assignment?

  4. Pass the salt and pepper.
    Ans: Can you please pass the salt and pepper?

  5. Repeat what you just said.
    Ans: May you please repeat what you just said?

  6. Help me find my leather jacket.
    Ans: Will you please help me find my leather jacket?

  7. Clear the table so that I can put my computer there.
    Ans: Would you please clear the table so that I can put my computer there?

  8. Show me how to fix this problem.
    Ans: May you please show me how to fix this problem?

  9. Help her in whatever way you can.
    Ans: Could you please help her in whatever way you can?

  10. Move this chair to the corner.
    Ans: Can you please move this chair to the corner?

Advice

The model verbs for advice are should, ought to, and had better.
These can be used in positive and negative sentences.

For example:

Positive SentenceNegative SentenceInterrogative Sentence
You should study harder to get better results.You shouldn’t call her while she is busy with chores.I have a problem. Should I call my parents or my friend?
You ought to wear a warm jacket; it’s really cold outside.("Ought to" is not usually used in the negative form.)("Ought to" is not common in question form.)
You had better slow down. You are driving too fast!You had better not forget to finish your homework.("Had better" is not usually used in question form.)

The phrase "had better" is a bit stronger. It includes the idea of a warning: something terrible will happen if you do not follow my advice.


Text Book Exercise 5

Q. Work in pairs. Orally discuss and change the following statements into advice by using modal verbs. After discussing, write the advice sentences in your notebook.

  1. Listen to your mother.
    Ans: You should listen to your mother.

  2. Give a good reason for your absence.
    Ans: You ought to give a good reason for your absence.

  3. Break traffic rules.
    Ans: You had better not break traffic rules.

  4. Fulfill the promise you made to your mother.
    Ans: You should fulfill the promise you made to your mother.

      5. Finish your task on time or you’ll be in trouble.

       Ans: You had better finish your task on time or you’ll be in trouble.

       6. Discuss this matter at the dinner table.

        Ans: You should discuss this matter at the dinner table.

       7. Remain seated until the seatbelt sign is turned off.

         Ans: You had better remain seated until the seatbelt sign is turned off.

       8. Complete these chores by tomorrow.

         Ans: You ought to complete these chores by tomorrow.

       9. Talk when others are speaking.

        Ans: You shouldn’t talk when others are speaking.

       10. Follow the instructions carefully.

        Ans: You had better follow the instructions carefully.


Text Book Exercise 6

Q. Write requests or advice for the following situations.

(a) You need a pen, and your sister has one.
Ans: Can you please give me your pen for a while, sister?

(b) You are spending too much money on buying unnecessary clothes.
Ans: You shouldn’t spend too much money on buying unnecessary clothes.

(c) Your friend is leading an unhealthy lifestyle.
Ans: You had better not lead an unhealthy lifestyle.

(d) You want a half-day leave from your Principal as there is an emergency in your family.
Ans: Would you please allow me a half-day leave as there is an emergency in my family?

(e) Your brother is going to the stadium to watch a cricket match and you want to go with him.

Ans: Could I go with you to the stadium to watch a cricket match?

(f) My friend was telling me a secret about her family.

Ans: You should not tell this secret to anyone.

(g) What does your mother say if you spend too much time playing games rather than studying?

Ans: You should concentrate more on your studies than on playing games.

(h) The phone rings while you are cooking in the kitchen. Your father is near the telephone.

Ans: Could you please pick up the phone, father? I am cooking in the kitchen.

(i) It’s hot, and you are thirsty.

Ans: Can I have something to drink?

(j) You’re studying for an exam, but your brother listens to loud music.

Ans: Could you please put the volume down? I am studying for the exam.

A BAD DREAM – Text Book Exercise


Text Book Exercise 1

Q. Work individually and answer the following questions in your notebook. After completing the exercise, compare your answers with your partner.

  1. How many families were going on the trip?
    Ans: Two families were going on the trip. Mr. Aziz’s family and his brother Mr. Karim’s family were going on the trip.

  2. How many ghost stories are mentioned in the text?
    Ans: There are three ghost stories mentioned in the text.

  3. Did any of the children experience something strange?
    Ans: No, not at all. No children experienced anything strange.


Text Book Exercise 2

Q. Work in pairs. Read the text and find the words in the given paragraphs that have the meanings given below. Write your answers in the answer column. The first one has been done as an example.

ParagraphMeaningAns
1something for which one has waited for a long timelong-awaited
2an enclosed section in a railway carriagecompartment
5take something for a limited time, by paying for itrented / hire
5having presence of ghostshaunted
10killed for foodno word is found in paragraph 10
10frightenedscared
11conversation that may not be truegossip
11have power or influence over somethingdominate
11form a mental pictureimagining

Text Book Exercise 3

Q. Work individually. Read the text and provide one-word answers in the given blanks.

a) What was the name of the station where they got off?
Ans: Patni

b) Upon hearing the address, the first person who was surprised?
Ans: The porter

c) Who was the second person who was surprised?
Ans: The van driver

d) For how many days was the trio planned?
Ans: Ten days

e) How many bedrooms were there in the house?
Ans: Three

f) Who had the first strange experience?
Ans: Mr. Karim

g) Who had the second strange experience?
Ans: Mr. Karim

h) What happened in the end of the story?
Ans: Dreaming


Text Book Exercise 4

Q. Work individually. Read the text and complete the following sentences by matching items in columns A and B. Write your answers in the Ans. column.

NoColumn AAns.Column B
1On hearing where they were stayingea) and fresh vegetables from the fields.
2When the driver told Mr Aziz that the house was hauntedhb) and had a nice view of the village and the fields.
3The house was big and airybc) and quickly left for the station.
4When the people in the village asked them to leave the housefd) and did not want to go back.
5They enjoyed the clean air of the villageae) two people asked whether they were sure.
6They all felt happy and relaxeddf) they laughed and said that there was no such thing as ghosts.
7Nothing happened for a few daysgg) then strange things started happening.
8On the last morning they got out of bed very earlych) Mr. Aziz said that he did not believe such stories.

Text Book Exercise 5

Q. The following sentences give wrong information. Work in pairs, read the story and write the correct sentences in the space provided below each statement.

  1. Mr and Mrs Karim and their children planned the holiday.
    Correct: Mr and Mrs Aziz and their children planned the holiday.

  2. Mr and Mrs Aziz and their children decided to join them.
    Correct: Mr and Mrs Karim and their children decided to join them.

  3. They planned a 3-month trip.
    Correct: They planned a 10-day trip.

  4. They travelled by bus and reached a village called Patni.
    Correct: They travelled by train and reached a village called Patni.

  5. They hired a taxi to reach the house.
    Correct: They hired a van to reach the house.

  6. Mr Aziz told the driver that they had bought the house.
    Correct: Mr Aziz told the driver that they had rented the house.

  7. He told him that the house was old but Mr Aziz did not believe him.
    Correct: He told him that the house was haunted but Mr Aziz did not believe him.

  8. When they reached the house, nobody liked it.
    Correct: When they reached the house everybody liked it.

  9. The children got the cleanest room.
    Correct: The children got the biggest room.

  10. After dinner they went to bed quite late, as they were tired.
    Correct: After dinner, they went to bed quite early, as they were tired.

  11. After two days they went into the fields.
    Correct: The next morning, they went into the fields.

  12. They met some people and they told them to sell the house before they were harmed.
    Correct: They met some people and they told them to leave the house before they were harmed.

  13. Strange things started to happen on the fifth day.
    Correct: Strange things started to happen on the seventh day.

Text Book Exercise 6

Q. Work individually. Combine the points from Exercise 5 and write a summary of the story in your notebook. You can add other points. Also, write an alternative ending of the story.

Ans:
Mr Aziz and his brother’s families decided to take a ten-day holiday in the village. They travelled by train. They rented a house for ten days which was far from the station but close to the fields so that they could enjoy the life of the village.

They reached Patni. At the station, when they told the porter where to go, he was astonished and said, “Are you sure?” Outside the station, when they told the van driver where to go, he was also surprised and said, “Are you sure?”

The van driver told him that the house they had rented was haunted, but Mr Aziz said they did not believe such stories. The house was big and airy. They liked the house. The next morning they went to the fields and told the villagers that there were no such things as ghosts. They kept having fun. A week later, weird things started to happen. On the seventh night, Mr Karim felt that someone was pulling his blanket. This time he pulled the blanket up and held it tightly under his head and feet. Then someone pulled his bed. He was scared.

Nothing happened after that but he could not sleep. No one believed him. After a walk in the fields, everyone except Mr Karim returned. He felt that someone was following him, but no one was there. Suddenly the head blocked his way. He changed his route, but the head also came to this side. Mr Karim was alone. He was terrified. He started running towards the house. He told everyone about the incident but no one believed him. They said that he had taken the words of the villagers seriously.

On the last night of their stay, Mr and Mrs Aziz, and Mr and Mrs Karim were sitting and talking. An empty chair sprang forward and it felt as if someone was sitting on it. Seeing this, they started screaming. The next moment Mr Karim woke up. He was having a bad dream. They just had to go on their trip.